Introduction
The
coronavirus
illness
caused
by
SARS-
CoV-2
can
cause
multiple
organ
involvement,
with
varying
degrees
of
severity.
Besides,
inhalation
as
a
route
for
transmission,
feco-oral
has
also
been
proposed.
Its
transmission
to
sewage
systems
is
growing
public
health
issue.
Objective
To
detect
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
in
non-respiratory
samples
(saliva,
urine,
and
stool)
collected
from
COVID-19
cases,
Bihar.
Materials
methods
This
Cross-Sectional
observational
study
was
conducted
January
2021
March
2022
on
human
samples.
A
total
345
including
saliva
(116),
stool
(97),
urine
(132)
were
143
covid-19
cases.
Samples
analyzed
multiplex
RT-PCR
targeted
against
E,
ORF
1ab,
RdRp
gene.
Results
In
this
study,
out
107(74.8%)
positive
at
least
one
the
Conclusion
There
high
prevalence
virus
Introduction
The
coronavirus
illness
caused
by
SARS-
CoV-2
can
cause
multiple
organ
involvement,
with
varying
degrees
of
severity.
Besides,
inhalation
as
a
route
for
transmission,
feco-oral
has
also
been
proposed.
Its
transmission
to
sewage
systems
is
growing
public
health
issue.
Objective
To
detect
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
in
non-respiratory
samples
(saliva,
urine,
and
stool)
collected
from
COVID-19
cases,
Bihar.
Materials
methods
This
Cross-Sectional
observational
study
was
conducted
January
2021
March
2022
on
human
samples.
A
total
345
including
saliva
(116),
stool
(97),
urine
(132)
were
143
covid-19
cases.
Samples
analyzed
multiplex
RT-PCR
targeted
against
E,
ORF
1ab,
RdRp
gene.
Results
In
this
study,
out
107(74.8%)
positive
at
least
one
the
Conclusion
There
high
prevalence
virus
Introduction
The
coronavirus
illness
caused
by
SARS-
CoV-2
can
cause
multiple
organ
involvement,
with
varying
degrees
of
severity.
Besides,
inhalation
as
a
route
for
transmission,
feco-oral
has
also
been
proposed.
Its
transmission
to
sewage
systems
is
growing
public
health
issue.
Objective
To
detect
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
in
non-respiratory
samples
(saliva,
urine,
and
stool)
collected
from
COVID-19
cases,
Bihar.
Materials
methods
This
Cross-Sectional
observational
study
was
conducted
January
2021
March
2022
on
human
samples.
A
total
345
including
saliva
(116),
stool
(97),
urine
(132)
were
143
covid-19
cases.
Samples
analyzed
multiplex
RT-PCR
targeted
against
E,
ORF
1ab,
RdRp
gene.
Results
In
this
study,
out
107(74.8%)
positive
at
least
one
the
Conclusion
There
high
prevalence
virus
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(11), С. 8720 - 8720
Опубликована: Май 29, 2023
This
study
investigated
the
air
quality
and
ventilation
systems
of
22
public
toilets
in
10
railway
stations
China.
Approximately
80%
meet
standard
for
ammonia
concentration
Class
I
toilets,
while
20%
exceed
standard.
It
was
found
that
pollutants
is
mainly
related
to
number
toilet
users
system.
In
change
delayed
by
about
1
2
h
with
hourly
service
number.
order
improve
quality,
a
design
method
calculating
cubicles
proposed.
Results
show
capacity
cubicle
per
hour
(SCCH)
female
12,
SCCH
male
ratio
squatting
pans
urinals
(RSU),
which
suggested
be
1:1~1:0.8,
corresponding
16~20.
Then,
effect
different
forms
simulated
computational
fluid
dynamics
(CFD)
2019
software.
The
results
bottom
exhaust
better
than
top
fresh
supply
system
unnecessary.
recommended
rate
20
changes
(ACH).
scale
proposed
this
paper
meant
address
gender
imbalance
avoid
queuing
provides
reference
renovation
toilets.
Introduction
The
coronavirus
illness
caused
by
SARS-
CoV-2
can
cause
multiple
organ
involvement,
with
varying
degrees
of
severity.
Besides,
inhalation
as
a
route
for
transmission,
feco-oral
has
also
been
proposed.
Its
transmission
to
sewage
systems
is
growing
public
health
issue.
Objective
To
detect
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
in
non-respiratory
samples
(saliva,
urine,
and
stool)
collected
from
COVID-19
cases,
Bihar.
Materials
methods
This
Cross-Sectional
observational
study
was
conducted
January
2021
March
2022
on
human
samples.
A
total
345
including
saliva
(116),
stool
(97),
urine
(132)
were
143
covid-19
cases.
Samples
analyzed
multiplex
RT-PCR
targeted
against
E,
ORF
1ab,
RdRp
gene.
Results
In
this
study,
out
107(74.8%)
positive
at
least
one
the
Conclusion
There
high
prevalence
virus
Introduction
The
coronavirus
illness
caused
by
SARS-
CoV-2
can
cause
multiple
organ
involvement,
with
varying
degrees
of
severity.
Besides,
inhalation
as
a
route
for
transmission,
feco-oral
has
also
been
proposed.
Its
transmission
to
sewage
systems
is
growing
public
health
issue.
Objective
To
detect
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
in
non-respiratory
samples
(saliva,
urine,
and
stool)
collected
from
COVID-19
cases,
Bihar.
Materials
methods
This
Cross-Sectional
observational
study
was
conducted
January
2021
March
2022
on
human
samples.
A
total
345
including
saliva
(116),
stool
(97),
urine
(132)
were
143
covid-19
cases.
Samples
analyzed
multiplex
RT-PCR
targeted
against
E,
ORF
1ab,
RdRp
gene.
Results
In
this
study,
out
107(74.8%)
positive
at
least
one
the
Conclusion
There
high
prevalence
virus
