Biochemical Journal,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
476(19), С. 2705 - 2724
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2019
Abstract
Plants
growing
in
soil
develop
close
associations
with
microorganisms,
which
inhabit
the
areas
around,
on,
and
inside
their
roots.
These
microbial
communities
associated
genes
—
collectively
termed
root
microbiome
are
diverse
have
been
shown
to
play
an
important
role
conferring
abiotic
stress
tolerance
plant
hosts.
In
light
of
concerns
over
threat
water
nutrient
facing
terrestrial
ecosystems,
especially
those
used
for
agricultural
production,
increased
emphasis
has
placed
on
understanding
how
conditions
influence
composition
functioning
ultimate
consequences
health.
However,
under
will
not
only
reflect
shifts
greater
bulk
community
from
plants
recruit
but
also
responses
stress,
include
changes
exudate
profiles
morphology.
Exploring
relative
contributions
these
direct
plant-mediated
effects
focus
many
studies
recent
years.
Here,
we
review
impacts
affecting
specifically
flooding,
drought,
nitrogen
phosphorus
availability,
that
interact
ultimately
shape
microbiome.
We
conclude
a
perspective
outlining
possible
directions
future
research
needed
advance
our
complex
molecular
biochemical
interactions
between
soil,
plants,
microbes
determine
stress.
The ISME Journal,
Год журнала:
2011,
Номер
6(5), С. 1007 - 1017
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2011
Abstract
Terrestrial
ecosystems
are
receiving
elevated
inputs
of
nitrogen
(N)
from
anthropogenic
sources
and
understanding
how
these
increases
in
N
availability
affect
soil
microbial
communities
is
critical
for
predicting
the
associated
effects
on
belowground
ecosystems.
We
used
a
suite
approaches
to
analyze
structure
functional
characteristics
replicated
plots
two
long-term
fertilization
experiments
located
contrasting
systems.
Pyrosequencing-based
analyses
16S
rRNA
genes
revealed
no
significant
bacterial
diversity,
but
community
composition
at
both
sites;
copiotrophic
taxa
(including
members
Proteobacteria
Bacteroidetes
phyla)
typically
increased
relative
abundance
high
plots,
with
oligotrophic
(mainly
Acidobacteria)
exhibiting
opposite
pattern.
Consistent
phylogenetic
shifts
under
fertilization,
shotgun
metagenomic
sequencing
abundances
DNA/RNA
replication,
electron
transport
protein
metabolism,
that
could
be
resolved
even
shallow
conducted
here
(average
75
000
reads
per
sample).
also
observed
catabolic
capabilities
across
gradients
were
significantly
correlated
responses,
indicating
possible
linkages
between
functioning
communities.
Overall,
our
results
suggest
may,
directly
or
indirectly,
induce
shift
predominant
life-history
strategies,
favoring
more
active,
community,
pattern
parallels
often
replacement
K-selected
r-selected
plant
species
N.
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2012,
Номер
18(6), С. 1918 - 1927
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2012
Abstract
Ecosystems
worldwide
are
receiving
increasing
amounts
of
reactive
nitrogen
(
N
)
via
anthropogenic
activities
with
the
added
having
potentially
important
impacts
on
microbially
mediated
belowground
carbon
dynamics.
However,
a
comprehensive
understanding
how
elevated
availability
affects
soil
microbial
processes
and
community
dynamics
remains
incomplete.
The
mechanisms
responsible
for
observed
responses
poorly
resolved
we
do
not
know
if
communities
respond
in
similar
manner
across
ecosystems.
We
collected
28
soils
from
broad
range
ecosystems
orth
A
merica,
amended
inorganic
,
incubated
under
controlled
conditions
1
year.
Consistent
nearly
all
soils,
addition
decreased
respiration
rates,
an
average
decrease
11%
over
year‐long
incubation,
biomass
by
35%.
High‐throughput
pyrosequencing
showed
that
consistently
altered
bacterial
composition,
relative
abundance
ctinobacteria
F
irmicutes
decreasing
cidobacteria
V
errucomicrobia
.
Further,
‐amended
had
lower
suite
extracellular
enzymes
temperature
sensitivity,
suggesting
shift
to
preferential
decomposition
more
labile
C
pools.
trends
held
strong
gradients
climate
characteristics,
indicating
likely
wide‐spread
mechanisms.
Our
results
support
hypothesis
depresses
activity
shifting
metabolic
capabilities
communities,
yielding
less
capable
decomposing
recalcitrant
pools
leading
potential
increase
sequestration
rates.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
unknown, С. fix006 - fix006
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2017
Microorganisms
are
physiologically
diverse,
possessing
disparate
genomic
features
and
mechanisms
for
adaptation
(functional
traits),
which
reflect
on
their
associated
life
strategies
determine
at
least
to
some
extent
prevalence
distribution
in
the
environment.
Unlike
animals
plants,
there
is
an
unprecedented
diversity
intractable
metabolic
versatility
among
bacteria,
making
classification
or
grouping
these
microorganisms
based
functional
traits
as
has
been
done
animal
plant
ecology
challenging.
Nevertheless,
representative
pure
cultures,
microbial
distinguishing
different
had
proposed,
focus
of
previous
reviews.
In
environment,
however,
vast
majority
naturally
occurring
have
yet
be
isolated,
restricting
association
broad
phylogenetic
groups
and/or
physiological
characteristics.
Here,
we
reviewed
literature
how
strategy
concepts
(i.e.
copio-
oligotrophic
strategists,
competitor-stress
tolerator-ruderals
framework)
applied
complex
communities.
Because
scarcity
direct
empirical
evidence
elucidating
communities,
rely
heavily
observational
studies
determining
response
(a)biotic
cues
(e.g.
resource
availability)
infer
strategies.
Although
our
parallels
were
drawn
from
fungal
community.
Our
search
showed
inconsistency
community
proposed
copiotrophic-
oligotrophic-associated
(phyla
level)
changing
environmental
conditions.
This
suggests
that
tracking
finer
taxonomic
resolution
family
level
lower)
may
more
effective
capture
changes
edaphic
factors
exert
a
stronger
effect
response.
We
discuss
limitations
provide
recommendations
future
research
applying
studies.
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
81(2)
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2017
The
ecology
of
forest
soils
is
an
important
field
research
due
to
the
role
forests
as
carbon
sinks.
Consequently,
a
significant
amount
information
has
been
accumulated
concerning
their
ecology,
especially
for
temperate
and
boreal
forests.
Although
most
studies
have
focused
on
fungi,
soil
bacteria
also
play
roles
in
this
environment.
In
soils,
inhabit
multiple
habitats
with
specific
properties,
including
bulk
soil,
rhizosphere,
litter,
deadwood
habitats,
where
communities
are
shaped
by
nutrient
availability
biotic
interactions.
Bacteria
contribute
range
essential
processes
involved
cycling
carbon,
nitrogen,
phosphorus.
They
take
part
decomposition
dead
plant
biomass
highly
fungal
mycelia.
rhizospheres
trees,
interact
roots
mycorrhizal
fungi
commensalists
or
mycorrhiza
helpers.
mediate
critical
steps
nitrogen
cycle,
N
fixation.
Bacterial
respond
effects
global
change,
such
climate
warming,
increased
levels
dioxide,
anthropogenic
deposition.
This
response,
however,
often
reflects
specificities
each
studied
ecosystem,
it
still
impossible
fully
incorporate
into
predictive
models.
understanding
bacterial
advanced
dramatically
recent
years,
but
incomplete.
exact
extent
contribution
ecosystem
will
be
recognized
only
future,
when
activities
all
community
members
simultaneously.
