Rhizosphere bacteriome structure and functions

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2022

Abstract Microbial composition and functions in the rhizosphere—an important microbial hotspot—are among most fascinating yet elusive topics ecology. We used 557 pairs of published 16S rDNA amplicon sequences from bulk soils rhizosphere different ecosystems around world to generalize bacterial characteristics with respect community diversity, composition, functions. The selects microorganisms soil function as a seed bank, reducing diversity. is enriched Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, other copiotrophs. Highly modular but unstable networks (common for r -strategists) reflect interactions adaptations dynamic conditions. Dormancy strategies are dominated by toxin–antitoxin systems, while sporulation common soils. Functional predictions showed that genes involved organic compound conversion, nitrogen fixation, denitrification were strongly (11–182%), nitrification depleted.

Язык: Английский

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How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

GCB Bioenergy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(11), С. 1731 - 1764

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2021

Abstract We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses biochar. The properties biochar its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock pyrolysis conditions. describe three stages reactions in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); aging (beyond 6 months). As ages, it is incorporated into aggregates, protecting carbon promoting stabilization rhizodeposits microbial products. Biochar persists for hundreds thousands years. By increasing pH, porosity, water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions root functions. Biochars catalyze biotic abiotic reactions, particularly rhizosphere, increase nutrient supply uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate development, resilience disease environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, average, P availability a factor 4.6; decrease tissue concentration heavy metals 17%–39%; build organic through negative priming 3.8% (range −21% +20%); non‐CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions from 12%–50%. show average crop yield increases 10%–42% with addition, greatest low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common tropics), sandy drylands due retention holding capacity. Studies report wide range diversity contexts which have been applied. Crop yields strongly if site‐specific constraints limitations are mitigated appropriate formulations. be tailored address site selection, modifying conditions, pre‐ or post‐production treatments, co‐application mineral fertilizers. demonstrate how, when used wisely, mitigates climate change supports food security circular economy.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial necromass as the source of soil organic carbon in global ecosystems

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 162, С. 108422 - 108422

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition is linked with a K‐selected microbial community

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(12), С. 2763 - 2779

Опубликована: Март 12, 2021

Abstract Temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is a crucial parameter to predict the fate carbon (C) under global warming. Nonetheless, response pattern Q continuous warming and underlying mechanisms are still debate, especially considering complex interactions between , SOM quality, microorganisms. We examined across mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient from −1.9 5.1°C in temperate mixed forest ecosystems parallel with quality bioavailability, microbial taxonomic composition, functional genes responsible for decomposition. Within this 7.0°C, values increased MAT, but decreased bioavailability. The prevalence K‐strategy community, which was characterized by: (i) high ratios oligotrophic copiotrophic taxa, (ii) ectomycorrhizal saprotrophic fungi, (iii) degradation recalcitrant that labile C, (iv) low average 16S rRNA operon copy number. Because mainly utilized by K‐strategists, these findings independently support quality‐temperature theory perspective composition functions. A year‐long incubation experiment performed determine C pools based on two‐pool model. more sensitive southern warm regions, might attribute dominance K‐selected communities. It implies climate would mobilize larger exacerbating positive feedback MAT CO 2 efflux. This first attempt link eco‐strategies incorporating genetic information disentangling relationship

Язык: Английский

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Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2022

Abstract Conceptual and empirical advances in soil biogeochemistry have challenged long-held assumptions about the role of micro-organisms organic carbon (SOC) dynamics; yet, rigorous tests emerging concepts remain sparse. Recent hypotheses suggest that microbial necromass production links plant inputs to SOC accumulation, with high-quality (i.e., rapidly decomposing) litter promoting use efficiency, growth, turnover leading more mineral stabilization necromass. We test this hypothesis experimentally observations across six eastern US forests, using stable isotopes measure traits dynamics. Here we show, both studies, are negatively (not positively) related mineral-associated SOC. In experiment, stimulation growth by enhances decomposition, offsetting positive effect quality on stabilization. is not primary driver persistence temperate forests. Factors such as origin, alternative formation pathways, priming effects, abiotic properties can strongly decouple from

Язык: Английский

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From energy to (soil organic) matter

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(7), С. 2169 - 2182

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

In this concept paper, we propose a new view on soil organic matter (SOM) formation: microorganisms use most of the organics entering as energy rather than source carbon (C), while SOM accumulates residual by-product because microbial investment in its decomposition exceeds gain. During initial stages decomposition, nominal oxidation state C (NOSC) remaining litter decreases, and content increases. This reflects rapid mineralization available compounds with positive neutral NOSC (carboxylic acids, sugars, some amino acids). Consequently, drops to -0.3 units, rate decreases due relative accumulation aromatic aliphatic (which are hydrolized later) entombment necromass. Ultimately, incompletely decomposed plant residues will have 1%-2.5% more per unit litter. The linear decrease density broad range substances by 106 kJ mol-1 upon is supported experimental data decomposition. Preferential recycling energy-rich reduced (lipids, aromatics, certain sugars) degradation oxidized acids) also energetically enrich SOM. Despite high content, availability stored lower explains why not fully mineralized (thermodynamically unfavorable), especially absence provide (e.g., bare soil). Energy from activates decomposers mine nutrients (the main ecological function priming effects) nutrient 2-5 times higher that results only 0.4%-5% year-1 litter-derived being sequestered SOM, whereas stores 1%-10% total energy. Thus, captured photosynthesis reason utilize matter, whereby merely storage mediator fluxes.

Язык: Английский

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Soil extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reflects the shift from P- to N-limitation of microorganisms with grassland restoration

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 149, С. 107928 - 107928

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Glycoproteins of arbuscular mycorrhiza for soil carbon sequestration: Review of mechanisms and controls

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 806, С. 150571 - 150571

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Rice paddy soils are a quantitatively important carbon store according to a global synthesis

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2021

Abstract Rice paddies account for ~9% or the world’s cropland area and are characterized by environmental conditions promoting soil organic carbon storage, methane emissions to a lesser extent nitrous oxide emissions. Here, we synthesize data from 612 sites across 51 countries estimate global stocks in paddy soils determine main factors affecting storage. Paddy (0–100 cm) contain 18 Pg worldwide. decrease with increasing mean annual temperature pH, whereas precipitation clay content had minor impacts. Meta-analysis shows that can be increased through several management practices. However, greenhouse gas mitigation storage is generally outweighed increases Our results emphasize key role of cycle, importance minimizing anthropogenic

Язык: Английский

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C:N:P stoichiometry regulates soil organic carbon mineralization and concomitant shifts in microbial community composition in paddy soil

Biology and Fertility of Soils, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 56(8), С. 1093 - 1107

Опубликована: Май 14, 2020

Stoichiometric control of input substrate (glucose) and native soil organic C (SOC) mineralization was assessed by performing a manipulation experiment based on N or P fertilization in paddy soil. Glucose increased with nutrient addition up to 11.6% combined application compared that without addition. During 100 days incubation, approximately 4.5% SOC mineralized stimulated glucose exponentially dissolved (DOC):NH4+-N, DOC:Olsen P, microbial biomass (MB)C:MBN ratios. The relative abundances Clostridia β-Proteobacteria (r-strategists) were NP at the beginning experiment, while Acidobacteria (K-strategists) enhanced exhaustion available resource end incubation. bacteria abundance diversity negatively related DOC:NH4+-N which had direct positive effects (+ 0.63) mineralization. Combined decreased network density bacterial community. Moreover, significantly negative associations among taxa, suggested competition for nutrients alleviated. keystone species showed significant correlations soils application, revealing microbes their activity mining limited from matter. Hence, shifted community composition interactions acquire necessary elements increasing maintain C:N:P stoichiometric balance response changes stoichiometry.

Язык: Английский

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