Plant root mechanisms and their effects on carbon and nutrient accumulation in desert ecosystems under changes in land use and climate

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(3), С. 916 - 934

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Summary Deserts represent key carbon reservoirs, yet as these systems are threatened this has implications for biodiversity and climate change. This review focuses on how changes affect desert ecosystems, particularly plant root their impact mineral nutrient stocks. Desert plants have diverse architectures shaped by water acquisition strategies, affecting biomass overall Climate change can disrupt communities, with droughts impacting both shallow deep‐rooted groundwater levels fluctuate. Vegetation management practices, like grazing, significantly influence soil composition, microorganisms, biomass, Shallow‐rooted susceptible to human interference. To safeguard understanding architecture deep layers is crucial. Implementing strategic practices such reducing grazing pressure, maintaining moderate harvesting levels, adopting fertilization help preserve plant–soil systems. Employing socio‐ecological approaches community restoration enhances retention, limits expansion, reduces CO 2 emissions. underscores the importance of investigating belowground processes role in shaping landscapes, emphasizing urgent need a comprehensive ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Detoxifying the heavy metals: a multipronged study of tolerance strategies against heavy metals toxicity in plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

Heavy metal concentrations exceeding permissible limits threaten human life, plant and all other life forms. Different natural anthropogenic activities emit toxic heavy metals in the soil, air, water. Plants consume from their roots foliar part inside plant. may interfere with various aspects of plants, such as biochemistry, bio-molecules, physiological processes, which usually translate into morphological anatomical changes. They use strategies to deal effects contamination. Some these include restricting cell wall, vascular sequestration, synthesis biochemical compounds, phyto-chelators organic acids, bind free moving ions so that are minimized. This review focuses on several genetics, molecular, signaling levels, integrate produce a coordinated response toxicity interpret exact behind tolerance stress. It is suggested some model species must be thoroughly studied comprehend approaches put knowledge practical use.

Язык: Английский

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Twenty Years of Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Measuring and Understanding Soil Respiration

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Soil respiration (Rs), the soil‐to‐atmosphere flux of CO 2 , is a dominant but uncertain part carbon cycle, even after decades study. This review focuses on progress in understanding Rs from laboratory incubations to global estimates. We survey key developments situ ecosystem‐scale observations and manipulations, synthesize meta‐analyses estimates, discuss most compelling challenges opportunities for future. Increasingly sophisticated lab experiments have yielded insights into interaction among heterotrophic respiration, substrate supply, enzymatic kinetics, extended incubation‐based analyses across space time. Observational manipulative field‐based used improved measurement approaches deepen our integrated effects environmental change disturbance Rs. Freely‐available observational databases enabled studies probing magnitude of, constraints on, flux. Key field include expanding measurements, experiments, under‐represented communities ecosystems; reconciling independent estimates fluxes trends; testing leveraging power machine learning process‐based models, both independently conjunction with each other; continuing field's tradition using novel explore diverse mechanisms ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial life‐history strategies mediate microbial carbon pump efficacy in response to N management depending on stoichiometry of microbial demand

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

The soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) is increasingly acknowledged as being directly linked to organic (SOC) accumulation and stability. Given the close coupling of (C) nitrogen (N) cycles constraints imposed by their stoichiometry on growth, N addition might affect growth strategies with potential consequences for necromass formation However, this topic remains largely unexplored. Based two multi-level fertilizer experiments over 10 years in soils contrasting fertility located North (Cambisol, carbon-poor) Southwest (Luvisol, carbon-rich), we hypothesized that different resource demands microorganism elicit a trade-off (Y-strategy) resource-acquisition (A-strategy) response addition, consequently We combined measurements metrics (MCP efficacy) stability (chemical composition mineral associated carbon) changes life history (assessed via metagenomes enzymatic activity analyses). contribution SOC decreased Cambisol, but increased Luvisol. Soil displayed distinct responses after amendment: shift toward A-strategy (Cambisol) or Y-strategy (Luvisol). These divergent are owing stoichiometric imbalance between availability C N, which presented very patterns soils. partial correlation analysis further confirmed high aggravated demand, shifting community strategy reduced Cambisol. In contrast, had positive direct effect MCP efficacy Luvisol, greatly enhanced Such findings provide mechanistic insights into regulation efficacy, how mediated site-specific trade-offs strategies, contribute improving our comprehension sequestration optimization agricultural management.

Язык: Английский

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Responses of carbon cycling and soil organic carbon content to nitrogen addition in grasslands globally

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186, С. 109164 - 109164

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

Understanding how N addition status (i.e., duration, rate, and form of addition) impacts carbon (C) cycling has great implications for C storage prediction grassland management. We examined 257 studies related to in grasslands obtained a dataset 1073 observations meta-analysis. significantly increased plant input (plant above-ground biomass +49.1%, below-ground +16.6%; litterfall +17.4%; dissolved organic +16.4%) across natural globally. For loss processes, enhanced litter decomposition by 9.2% decreased soil respiration 1.1%. In topsoil, microbial was reduced 8.7% (SOC) content 3.1%. fluxes, gross primary productivity ecosystem 24.7% 11.7% respectively, leading negative net exchange. These results indicated that were sinks under addition. Besides climate, the duration most important factor affecting cycling. The response SOC with time but weakened after decade, associated accumulative effects N-induced acidification. at any rate or temperate grassland/meadow while other depended on status. There higher contents lowest exchange low rates Therefore, should be limited 60 kg ha−1 yr−1 increase production globally maintain function as sink. More attention paid acidification improve theoretical models help management practices policies.

Язык: Английский

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Nano-Microbial Remediation of Polluted Soil: A Brief Insight

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1), С. 876 - 876

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2023

The pollution of soil by heavy metals and organic pollutants has become a significant issue in recent decades. For the last few years, nanobiotechnology been used to bio-remediate or reclaim contaminated with inorganic pollutants. removal from industrial wastes is major challenge. utilization nanomaterials gaining popularity, which might be accredited their enhanced physical, chemical, mechanical qualities. development advanced nanobiotechnological techniques involving use for reclamation polluted soils indicated promising results future hope sustainable agriculture. By manufacturing environment-friendly nanomaterials, expenditure on decreasing load reduced. A potential emerging domain nanotechnology eco-friendly production cost reduction “green biotechnology”, alongside microorganisms nanoparticle synthesis.

Язык: Английский

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Spatially explicit estimate of nitrogen effects on soil respiration across the globe

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(13), С. 3591 - 3600

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2023

Abstract Soil respiration (Rs), as the second largest flux of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere, is vulnerable to global nitrogen (N) enrichment. However, distribution N effects on Rs remains uncertain. Here, we compiled a new database containing 1282 observations its heterotrophic component (Rh) in field manipulative experiments from 317 published papers. Using this up‐to‐date database, first performed formal meta‐analysis explore responses Rh addition, then presented spatially explicit quantification using Random Forest model. Our results showed that experimental addition significantly increased but had minimal impact Rh, not supporting prevailing view enrichment inhibits soil microbial respiration. For major biomes, magnitude input was main determinant spatial variation response, while most important predictors for response were biome specific. Based key predictors, mapping visually demonstrated positive effect regions with higher anthropogenic inputs (i.e., atmospheric deposition agricultural fertilization). Overall, our analysis only provides novel insight into CO fluxes, also presents assessment at scale, which are pivotal understanding ecosystem dynamics future scenarios more frequent activities.

Язык: Английский

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Artificial intelligence to predict soil temperatures by development of novel model

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Abstract Soil temperatures at both surface and various depths are important in changing environments to understand the biological, chemical, physical properties of soil. This is essential reaching food sustainability. However, most developing regions across globe face difficulty establishing solid data measurements records due poor instrumentation many other unavoidable reasons such as natural disasters like droughts, floods, cyclones. Therefore, an accurate prediction model would fix these difficulties. Uzbekistan one countries that concerned about climate change its arid climate. for first time, this research presents integrated predict soil temperature levels 10 cm depth based on climatic factors Nukus, Uzbekistan. Eight machine learning models were trained order best-performing widely used performance indicators. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) performed predictions depth. More importantly, developed here can with measured predicted levels. The without any ground measurements. be effectively planning applications sustainability production areas

Язык: Английский

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Modeling Analysis of Heavy Metal Evaluation in Complex Geological Soil Based on Nemerow Index Method

Metals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(2), С. 439 - 439

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2023

To accurately understand soil environmental quality and improve the problem of traditional method, which is that it has a single evaluation factor cannot reflect overall condition soil, complex geological heavy metal modeling method based on Nemerow index proposed. Index methods, ArcGIS technology, human health risk assessment were carried out to obtain spatial distribution metals in current status pollution accumulation. The comprehensive (CPI) geo-accumulation (GAI) potential ecological hazard (PEH) adopted analyze degree metals. On this basis, was used establish model, standard calculated complete soils. research results showed could make factors reasonable scores more results.

Язык: Английский

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Soil nitrogen and phosphorus regulate decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds in the rothamsted experiment

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 196, С. 109502 - 109502

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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