Antarctic extreme events

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2023

There is increasing evidence that fossil-fuel burning, and consequential global heating of 1.1°C to date, has led the increased occurrence severity extreme environmental events. It well documented how such events have impacted society outside Antarctica through enhanced levels rainfall flooding, heatwaves wildfires, drought water/food shortages episodes intense cooling. Here, we briefly examine for in Southern Ocean across a variety environments timescales. We show vulnerable natural Antarctic systems are highlight governance protection continent must take them into account. Given future additional at least 0.4°C now unavoidable (to contain “Paris Agreement 1.5°C” scenario), may indeed be higher unless drastic action successfully taken on reducing greenhouse gas emissions net zero by mid-Century, explain it virtually certain will more pronounced than those observed date.

Язык: Английский

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An outsider on the Antarctic Peninsula: A new record of the non‐native moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

We report the first record of microlepidopteran

Язык: Английский

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The role of substrate characteristics and temperature for potential non-native plant establishment in Maritime Antarctic ecosystems

Antarctic Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 13

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Abstract Polar ecosystems are threatened by non-native plants, and this risk will increase with climate warming. Non-native plant growth depends on Antarctic environmental conditions substrates, but these influences poorly quantified. Under laboratory we quantified the of Holcus lanatus , Trifolium repens Taraxacum officinale across nine sub-Antarctic Maritime substrates varying characteristics. This included, among others, variation in carbon (0.2–27.0%), nitrogen (0.03–2.1%) phosphorus (0.04–0.54%) contents, under simulated (2°C) a warming scenario. Legacy effects from an established chironomid midge ( Eretmoptera murphyi ) grasses were included. H. T. grew best organic- nutrient-rich while was correlated substrate Warming increased size one to three times, inconsistently species suggesting that change impacts vary Antarctic. A variable response also observed legacy E. size, not . Plant positively organic content, information used trial novel approach identifying sites ‘at risk’ invasions

Язык: Английский

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Lipid Production in Cultivable Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Antarctic Soils: A Comprehensive Study

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(3), С. 504 - 504

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Antarctic soil represents an important reservoir of filamentous fungi (FF) species with the ability to produce novel bioactive lipids. However, lipid extraction method is still a bottleneck. The objective present work was isolate and identify cultivable FF from soils, assess most effective methods for fatty acid (FA) extraction, characterise obtained A total 18 fungal strains belonging Botrytis, Cladosporium, Cylindrobasidium, Mortierella, Penicillium, Pseudogymnoascus, Talaromyces genera Melanommataceae family were isolated identified. Folch, Bligh Dyer, Lewis assessed, methyl esters FA (FAMEs) obtained. best in recovering FAMEs biomass. 17 FAs identified, their chemical compositions varied depending on strain. Oleic, linoleic, stearic, palmitic acids predominant all three assessed methods. Among analysed strains, Cylindrobasidium eucalypti, Penicillium miczynskii, P. virgatum, Pseudogymnoascus pannorum produced high amounts FA. This suggests that soils Antarctica Bay, as well harbouring known oleaginous fungi, are also source remain poorly analysed.

Язык: Английский

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Antarctic Biosecurity Policy Effectively Manages the Rates of Alien Introductions

Earth s Future, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Abstract Reducing the rates and impacts of biological invasions is a major policy goal international biodiversity agreements. Yet extent to which this being achieved agreements hence successful in respect remains unclear. Here we use comprehensive record alien species introduction terrestrial Antarctic, including its surrounding Southern Ocean Islands, spanning 115 years (1900–2015), quantify impact biosecurity on region, where invasive are primary environmental conservation threat management priority. We show that although many parts Antarctic have been colonized by non‐indigenous taxa, recent appear be slowing or static most parts, compared with increases past. Our results vindicate regional focus measures, but also demonstrate need for stricter enforcement due rapid socio‐environmental changes.

Язык: Английский

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Status assessment of non-native terrestrial species in Antarctica

NeoBiota, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 98, С. 197 - 222

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

Antarctica has been subject to direct human activity for a little over 200 years. In recent decades, the combination of sharp increases in and regional climate change, particularly around Antarctic Peninsula Scotia Arc, have placed terrestrial freshwater environment under increased threat non-native species introduction establishment. Policymakers, including those on Treaty Consultative Meeting’s Committee Environmental Protection, need accurate up-to-date information presence status within upon which base their decision-making. Here we collate available consider known Antarctic, how this changed past decade. Of establishments, found 46% deliberately introduced during historical transplant experiments subsequently removed, 36% were non-experimental introductions, 18% only survive(d) synanthropically (i.e., associated with facilities). All currently established natural are located either Peninsula, South Shetland Islands or Orkney maritime region, none continental Antarctic), invertebrate dominating. Most now present more than decade, though appearance flies station sewage treatment plants expansion into is major cause concern. While there some success eradicating plants, management invertebrates largely not attempted. Considerable scope exists Parties better coordinate across invasion continuum.

Язык: Английский

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Invasive species pose a threat to native species' abundances in an East Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Abstract Marine invasive species can cause irreparable change in new environments, though not all non‐native inevitably negative impacts to recipient ecosystems. Knowing which could establish and have harmful is vital ensure the efficient use of limited resources for monitoring surveillance, especially less accessible regions such as Southern Ocean. We used ensemble ecosystem modelling predict an plausible future scenarios introduction potential establishment marine a known food web near Casey Station, East Antarctica. These explore successful invasions by five species. Non‐native varied their capacity current following single event, at least some scenarios. Where did establish, abundances mostly increased between 10 1000 times, resulted million‐fold increase. Although most showed native only changed within 10% initial abundance, plausibly substantial abundance declines Synthesis applications . This analysis helps us better understand range on aids developing strategies help prevent or manage introduction. highlight need rapid detection methods, eDNA, any are identified quickly this ecosystem, particularly those we having high fast population growth.

Язык: Английский

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Uncharted territory: the arrival of Psychoda albipennis (Zetterstedt, 1850) (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Maritime Antarctica

Frontiers in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

Despite increasing awareness of the threats they pose, exotic species continue to arrive in Antarctica with anthropogenic assistance, some which inevitably have potential become aggressively invasive. Here, we provide first report globally cosmopolitan

Язык: Английский

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Codon bias analysis of the mitochondrial genome reveals natural selection in the nonbiting midge Microtendipes umbrosus Freeman, 1955 (Diptera: Chironomidae)

The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99(4)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023

Natural selection, driven by various living conditions, plays a crucial role in shaping biased codon usage genomes and organelle genomes. Despite the Chironomidae having thousands of species inhabiting variety habitats, bias family remains poorly understood. In this study, we sequenced novel mitogenome Microtendipes umbrosus Freeman, 1955 conducted comprehensive analysis its usage. The assembled is 15,827 bp contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal an A+T-rich noncoding region. overall nucleotide composition 40.6% A, 39.8% T, 11.6% C, 8.0% G, with A+T 80.4%. Interestingly, all PCGs except cox1 (TTG) commenced ATN codons, terminated TAA codon. Relative synonymous indicated high frequency codons A or U third position. PCGs, total are overrepresented, while 27 underrepresented. Notably, four AGG, CGC, CUC, CUG, completely absent. neutrality plotting analysis, parity rule 2 effective number demonstrated influence natural selection on M. umbrosus. This investigation provides essential DNA molecular database for further evolutionary research Chironomidae.

Язык: Английский

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Applying synchrotron radiation-based attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared to chemically characterise organic functional groups in terrestrial soils of King George Island, Antarctica

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(9), С. e19711 - e19711

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Anthropogenic activities, especially associated with fossil fuel combustion, are raising concerns worldwide, but remote areas extreme climate conditions, such as Antarctica, isolated from the adverse influence of human civilisation. Antarctica is considered most untouched place on Earth. Such pristine areas, which have extremely low chemical pollutant concentrations owing to restricted anthropogenic impacts, exemplify plausible model environments test reliability and sensitivity advanced analytical techniques employed chemically characterise evaluate spatial distribution pollutants. Here, synchrotron radiation-based attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (SR-ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was variations in organic functional groups (OFGs) terrestrial soils King George Island, Antarctica. Second-derivative SR-ATR-FTIR coupled several multivariate statistical highlighted activities alterations OFGs collected near airports. Moreover, daily penguins could also caused fluctuations some samples close Tombolo area Ardley Island. The findings proved effectiveness evaluating potential sources constituents, OFGs, Antarctic soils.

Язык: Английский

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