Consumption of illicit drugs and benzodiazepines in six Spanish cities during different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
935, С. 173356 - 173356
Опубликована: Май 19, 2024
Wastewater-based
epidemiology
(WBE)
can
provide
objective
and
real
time
information
about
the
use
of
addictive
substances.
A
national
study
was
conducted
by
measuring
most
consumed
illicit
drugs,
other
drugs
whose
consumption
is
not
so
widespread
but
has
increased
significantly
in
recent
years,
benzodiazepines
untreated
wastewater
from
seven
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
six
Spanish
cities.
Raw
composite
samples
were
collected
December
2020
to
2021,
a
period
which
regional
governments
adopted
different
restriction
measures
contain
spread
COVID-19
pandemic.
Samples
analyzed
using
validated
analytical
methodology
for
simultaneous
determination
18
substances,
based
on
solid-phase
extraction
liquid-chromatography
tandem
mass
spectrometry.
Except
heroin,
fentanyl,
6-acetylmorphine
alprazolam,
all
compounds
found
at
least
one
city
9
out
samples.
In
general,
particularly
high
cities
monitored
2020,
when
restrictions
more
severe,
especially
cannabis
cocaine
with
values
up
46
6.9
g/day/1000
inhabitants
(g/day/1000
inh),
respectively.
The
MDMA,
methamphetamine
mephedrone
notably
higher
June
after
end
state
alarm,
biggest
population
investigated
this
study.
Regarding
benzodiazepines,
highest
loads
corresponded
lorazepam.
This
demonstrates
that
WBE
suitable
complementing
epidemiological
studies
prevalence
during
pandemic
restrictions.
Язык: Английский
The effect of post-COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Vietnamese populations: A cross-sectional study
Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
8(8), С. 6024 - 6024
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
COVID-19
is
among
the
tremendous
negative
pandemics
that
have
been
recorded
in
human
history.
The
study
was
conducted
to
give
a
breakdown
of
effect
post-COVID-19
mental
health
individuals
residing
developing
country.
two
scales,
namely
DASS-21
and
IES-R,
were
employed
collect
essential
related
data.
findings
indicated
anxiety
typical
common
issue
population,
including
up
56.75%
participants
having
extremely
severe
anxiety,
13.18%
reporting
anxiety.
Notably,
no
one
has
depression
under
moderate
levels.
Additionally,
there
51.92%
43.64%
stress
ranging
from
Furthermore,
significant
statistical
differences
data
on
stress,
according
gender
(males
females)
subgroups
(students,
elderly,
medical
healthcare
workers).
Besides,
prevalence
post-traumatic
disorder
relatively
high,
especially
when
compared
figures
reported
by
World
Health
Organization.
Moreover,
all
displayed
positive
correlations
with
disorder.
This
big
entire
population
helps
country’s
government
propose
policy
strategies
support,
care
social
security
for
population.
Язык: Английский