Cell Death Discovery,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(1)
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2024
Abstract
Cancer
immunotherapy
harnesses
the
body’s
immune
system
to
combat
malignancies,
building
upon
an
understanding
of
tumor
immunosurveillance
and
evasion
mechanisms.
This
therapeutic
approach
reactivates
anti-tumor
responses
can
be
categorized
into
active,
passive,
combined
immunization
strategies.
Active
engages
recognize
attack
cells
by
leveraging
host
immunity
with
cytokine
supplementation
or
vaccination.
Conversely,
passive
employs
exogenous
agents,
such
as
monoclonal
antibodies
(anti-CTLA4,
anti-PD1,
anti-PD-L1)
adoptive
cell
transfers
(ACT)
genetically
engineered
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
T
NK
cells,
exert
effects.
Over
past
decades,
CAR-T
therapies
have
gained
significant
traction
in
oncological
treatment,
offering
hope
through
their
targeted
approach.
However,
potential
adverse
effects
associated
including
release
syndrome
(CRS),
off-tumor
toxicity,
neurotoxicity,
warrant
careful
consideration.
Recently,
CAR-NK
therapy
has
emerged
a
promising
alternative
landscape
immunotherapy,
distinguished
its
innate
advantages
over
modalities.
In
this
review,
we
will
synthesize
latest
research
clinical
advancements
therapies.
We
elucidate
benefits
employing
oncology
critically
examine
developmental
bottlenecks
impeding
broader
application.
Our
discussion
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
current
status
future
cancer
immunotherapy.
Abstract
The
tumor
microenvironment
is
highly
complex,
and
immune
escape
currently
considered
an
important
hallmark
of
cancer,
largely
contributing
to
progression
metastasis.
Named
for
their
capability
killing
target
cells
autonomously,
natural
killer
(NK)
serve
as
the
main
effector
toward
cancer
in
innate
immunity
are
heterogeneous
microenvironment.
Most
current
treatment
options
harnessing
focus
on
T
cell-immunity,
either
by
promoting
activating
signals
or
suppressing
inhibitory
ones.
limited
success
achieved
cell
immunotherapy
highlights
importance
developing
new-generation
immunotherapeutics,
example
utilizing
previously
ignored
NK
cells.
Although
tumors
also
evolve
resist
cell-induced
cytotoxicity,
cytokine
supplement,
blockade
suppressive
molecules
genetic
engineering
may
overcome
such
resistance
with
great
promise
both
solid
hematological
malignancies.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
fundamental
characteristics
recent
advances
within
immunometabolic
microenvironment,
discussed
potential
application
limitations
emerging
cell-based
therapeutic
strategies
era
presicion
medicine.
Cancer Discovery,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11(1), С. 45 - 58
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2020
Abstract
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
engineering
of
T
cells
has
revolutionized
the
field
cellular
therapy
for
treatment
cancer.
Despite
this
success,
autologous
CAR-T
have
recognized
limitations
that
led
to
investigation
other
immune
effector
as
candidates
CAR
modification.
Recently,
natural
killer
(NK)
emerged
safe
and
effective
platforms
engineering.
In
article,
we
review
advantages,
challenges,
preclinical
clinical
research
advances
in
NK
cell
cancer
immunotherapy.
We
also
briefly
consider
feasibility
potential
benefits
applying
vehicles
expression.
Significance:
can
redirect
specificity
cells,
converting
them
a
much
more
potent
weapon
combat
cells.
Expanding
strategy
effectors
beyond
conventional
lymphocytes
could
overcome
some
paving
way
safer
off-the-shelf
products.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
the
third
most
common
and
second
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
death
worldwide.
Countless
CRC
patients
undergo
disease
progression.
As
a
hallmark
cancer,
Warburg
effect
promotes
metastasis
remodels
tumor
microenvironment,
including
promoting
angiogenesis,
immune
suppression,
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
formation
drug
resistance.
Targeting
metabolism
would
be
promising
method
for
treatment
CRC.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
information
about
roles
in
microenvironment
to
elucidate
mechanisms
governing
identify
novel
targets
therapy.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2021
Complex
interactions
between
the
immune
system
and
tumor
cells
exist
throughout
initiation
development
of
cancer.
Although
eliminates
malignantly
transformed
in
early
stage,
surviving
evade
host
defense
through
various
methods
even
reprogram
anti-tumor
response
to
a
pro-tumor
phenotype
obtain
unlimited
growth
metastasis.
The
high
proliferation
rate
increases
demand
for
local
nutrients
oxygen.
Poorly
organized
vessels
can
barely
satisfy
this
requirement,
which
results
an
acidic,
hypoxic,
glucose-deficient
microenvironment.
As
result,
lipids
microenvironment
are
activated
utilized
as
primary
source
energy
critical
regulators
both
related
cells.
However,
exact
role
lipid
metabolism
reprogramming
remains
unclear.
A
comprehensive
understanding
dysfunction
its
dual
effects
on
is
mapping
detailed
landscape
immunology
developing
specific
treatments
cancer
patients.
In
review,
we
have
focused
dysregulation
discussed
contradictory
roles
response.
addition,
summarized
current
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
immunotherapy.
This
review
provides
summary
Abstract
N
6
-methyladenosine
(m
A)
is
the
most
abundant
epigenetic
modification
of
RNA,
and
its
dysregulation
drives
aberrant
transcription
translation
programs
that
promote
cancer
occurrence
progression.
Although
defective
gene
regulation
resulting
from
m
A
often
affects
oncogenic
tumor-suppressing
networks,
can
also
modulate
tumor
immunogenicity
immune
cells
involved
in
anti-tumor
responses.
Understanding
this
counterintuitive
concept
aid
design
new
drugs
target
to
potentially
improve
outcomes
immunotherapies.
Here,
we
provide
an
up-to-date
comprehensive
overview
how
modifications
intrinsically
affect
alterations
cell
extrinsically
responses
microenvironment
(TME).
We
review
strategies
for
modulating
endogenous
immunity
discuss
challenge
reshaping
TME.
Strategies
include:
combining
specific
efficient
inhibitors
against
regulators
with
checkpoint
blockers;
generating
effective
programmable
gene-editing
system
enables
manipulation
individual
sites;
establishing
enhance
T
or
natural
killer
cells;
using
nanoparticles
specifically
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs)
deliver
messenger
RNA
small
interfering
A-related
molecules
repolarize
TAMs,
enabling
them
remodel
The
goal
help
field
understand
shape
TME
so
better
immunotherapy
be
designed
developed.
