International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(14), С. 7750 - 7750
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
Since
the
emergence
of
first
cerebral
organoid
(CO)
in
2013,
advancements
have
transformed
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
research.
Initial
efforts
focused
on
studying
morphogenesis
COs
and
creating
reproducible
models.
Numerous
methodologies
been
proposed,
enabling
design
brain
to
represent
specific
regions
spinal
cord
structures.
CNS
organoids
now
facilitate
study
a
wide
range
diseases,
from
infections
tumors,
which
were
previously
difficult
investigate.
We
summarize
major
organoids,
concerning
morphogenetic
designs
disease
examine
development
fabrication
procedures
how
these
enabled
generation
region-specific
highlight
application
various
demonstrating
versatility
potential
models
advancing
our
understanding
complex
conditions.
discuss
current
challenges
field,
including
issues
related
reproducibility,
scalability,
accurate
recapitulation
vivo
environment.
provide
an
outlook
prospective
studies
future
directions.
This
review
aims
comprehensive
overview
state-of-the-art
research,
highlighting
key
developments,
challenges,
prospects
field.
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 6, 2025
Abstract
Hypothalamic
neurogenesis
is
a
complex
process
that
plays
crucial
role
in
neuroendocrine
homeostasis,
making
vivo
studies
of
the
hypothalamus
particularly
challenging.
In
this
study,
we
present
an
optimized
protocol
for
isolating
and
culturing
hypothalamic
neural
stem
cells
(htNSCs)
from
neonatal
(P1)
mice,
followed
by
their
directed
differentiation
three-dimensional
(3D)
Matrigel
environment.
We
successfully
established
primary
culture
system
supports
stability,
growth,
distinct
characteristics
htNSCs.
Notably,
demonstrate
htNSCs
can
differentiate
into
GnRH-like
neurons
within
Matrigel-based
3D
system.
These
differentiated
exhibit
typical
neuronal
morphology
functional
characteristics.
Our
findings
highlight
potential
as
invaluable
model
studying
function
neurogenesis.
Furthermore,
method
provides
novel
platform
basic
research
may
serve
important
implications
further
pathological
mechanism
disorders
hypothalamus.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024
SUMMARY
Neural
organoids
have
revolutionized
how
human
neurodevelopmental
disorders
(NDDs)
are
studied.
Yet,
their
utility
for
screening
complex
NDD
etiologies
and
in
drug
discovery
is
limited
by
a
lack
of
scalable
quantifiable
derivation
formats.
Here,
we
describe
the
RosetteArray
®
platform’s
ability
to
be
used
as
an
off-the-shelf,
96-well
plate
assay
that
standardizes
incipient
forebrain
spinal
cord
organoid
morphogenesis
micropatterned,
3-D,
singularly
polarized
neural
rosette
tissues
(>9000
per
plate).
RosetteArrays
seeded
from
cryopreserved
pluripotent
stem
cells,
cultured
over
6-8
days,
immunostained
images
can
quantified
using
artificial
intelligence-based
software.
We
demonstrate
suitability
developmental
neurotoxicity
genetic
environmental
factors
known
cause
tube
defect
risk.
Given
presence
perturbation
models
NDDs
neurodegenerative
disorders,
platform
could
enable
quantitative
high-throughput
(qHTS)
risk
across
regulatory
precision
medicine
applications.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024
Mitochondrial
diseases
are
a
group
of
severe
pathologies
that
cause
complex
neurodegenerative
disorders
for
which,
in
most
cases,
no
therapy
or
treatment
is
available.
These
organelles
critical
regulators
both
neurogenesis
and
homeostasis
the
neurological
system.
Consequently,
mitochondrial
damage
dysfunction
can
occur
as
consequence
neurodevelopmental
diseases.
As
genetic
knowledge
advances,
associations
have
been
identified
between
genes
encode
proteins
symptoms,
such
neuropathy,
encephalomyopathy,
ataxia,
seizures,
developmental
delays,
among
others.
Understanding
how
alter
these
processes
essential
researching
rare
Three-dimensional
(3D)
cell
cultures,
which
self-assemble
to
form
specialized
structures
composed
different
types,
represent
an
accessible
manner
model
organogenesis
disorders.
In
particular,
brain
organoids
revolutionizing
study
mitochondrial-based
since
they
organ-specific
model-generated
from
patient’s
cell,
thereby
overcoming
some
limitations
traditional
animal
models.
this
review,
we
collected
functions
recapitulate
types
reported
organoids,
focusing
on
those
generated
models
addition
advancements
generation
techniques,
approaches
studying
neuronal
physiology,
drug
screening
repositioning
studies
performed
with
also
reviewed.
This
scope
review
will
summarize
evidence
function
dynamics
mitochondria
organoids.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(14), С. 7750 - 7750
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
Since
the
emergence
of
first
cerebral
organoid
(CO)
in
2013,
advancements
have
transformed
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
research.
Initial
efforts
focused
on
studying
morphogenesis
COs
and
creating
reproducible
models.
Numerous
methodologies
been
proposed,
enabling
design
brain
to
represent
specific
regions
spinal
cord
structures.
CNS
organoids
now
facilitate
study
a
wide
range
diseases,
from
infections
tumors,
which
were
previously
difficult
investigate.
We
summarize
major
organoids,
concerning
morphogenetic
designs
disease
examine
development
fabrication
procedures
how
these
enabled
generation
region-specific
highlight
application
various
demonstrating
versatility
potential
models
advancing
our
understanding
complex
conditions.
discuss
current
challenges
field,
including
issues
related
reproducibility,
scalability,
accurate
recapitulation
vivo
environment.
provide
an
outlook
prospective
studies
future
directions.
This
review
aims
comprehensive
overview
state-of-the-art
research,
highlighting
key
developments,
challenges,
prospects
field.
