New discovery.,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 14
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
Organoids
are
three-dimensional
cellular
structures
grown
in
vitro
that
can
self-organize
and
differentiate
into
cell
types
with
organ-specific
functions,
closely
mimicking
the
biological
properties
of
tissues
organs
vivo.
Brain
organoids,
which
resembling
brain
function,
serve
as
valuable
models
for
medical
research,
including
disease
microenvironment
simulation,
mechanism
exploration,
drug
evaluation.
In
this
review,
we
analyzed
808
articles
retrieved
from
PubMed,
CNKI,
Wanfang
databases
using
keyword
"brain
organoids,"
180
were
included.
We
summarized
research
progress
organoids
over
past
eight
years
by
categorizing
refining
findings.
Our
analysis
shows
have
achieved
significant
success
simulating
development
vitro,
leading
to
establishment
refinement
3D
organoid
research.
been
widely
applied
explore
disease-related
mechanisms,
yielding
promising
results
opening
avenues
further
on
human
brain.
summarize
three
areas:
culture
methods,
exploration.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Abstract
To
comprehend
the
volumetric
neural
connectivity
of
a
brain
organoid,
it
is
crucial
to
monitor
spatiotemporal
electrophysiological
signals
within
known
as
intra-organoid
signals.
However,
previous
methods
risked
damaging
three-dimensional
(3D)
cytoarchitecture
organoids,
either
through
sectioning
or
inserting
rigid
needle-like
electrodes.
Also,
limited
numbers
electrodes
in
fixed
positions
with
non-adjustable
electrode
shapes
were
insufficient
for
examining
complex
activity
throughout
organoid.
Herein,
we
present
magnetically
reshapable
3D
multi-electrode
array
(MEA)
using
direct
printing
liquid
metals
analysis
organoids.
The
adaptable
distribution
and
softness
these
printed
facilitate
recording
Furthermore,
unique
capability
reshape
soft
organoid
magnetic
fields
allows
single
MEA
record
from
multiple
points,
effectively
increasing
site
density
without
need
additional
Neurology International,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(1), С. 6 - 6
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025
Neuroinflammation
is
a
blanket
term
that
describes
the
body’s
complex
inflammatory
response
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
It
encompasses
phenotype
shift
to
proinflammatory
state,
release
of
cytokines,
recruitment
peripheral
immune
cells,
and
wide
variety
other
processes.
has
been
implicated
nearly
every
major
CNS
disease
ranging
from
Alzheimer’s
brain
cancer.
Understanding
modeling
neuroinflammation
critical
for
identification
novel
therapeutic
targets
treatment
diseases.
Unfortunately,
translation
findings
non-human
models
left
much
be
desired.
This
review
systematically
discusses
role
human
pluripotent
stem
cell
(hPSC)-derived
glia
supporting
cells
within
CNS,
including
astrocytes,
microglia,
oligodendrocyte
precursor
pericytes,
endothelial
describe
state
field
hope
future
discoveries.
hPSC-derived
offer
an
expanded
potential
study
pathobiology
immunomodulatory
cascades
impact
progression.
While
progress
made
development
models,
there
explore
application
these
understand
CNS.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Март 21, 2025
Traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
is
a
leading
cause
of
disability
in
adults,
significantly
affecting
patients'
quality
life.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
derived
from
human
adipose-derived
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(hADSCs)
have
demonstrated
therapeutic
potential
TBI
treatment.
However,
their
limited
targeting
ability,
short
half-life,
and
low
bioavailability
present
significant
challenges
for
clinical
application.
In
this
study,
we
engineered
extracellular
(EEVs)
by
transfecting
hADSCs
with
lentivirus
incorporating
ultra-small
paramagnetic
nanoparticles
(USPNs),
resulting
EVs
enhanced
miRNA
expression
targeted
delivery
capabilities.
These
EEVs
were
administered
intranasally
to
specifically
target
sites,
effectively
modulating
the
NF-κB
signaling
pathway
suppress
neuroinflammation.
both
vitro
vivo
assessments,
exhibited
superior
efficacy
promoting
neurofunctional
recovery
neurogenesis
after
compared
unmodified
EVs.
Furthermore,
validation
using
organoid
models
confirmed
EEVs'
remarkable
ability
neuroinflammation,
offering
promising
strategy
Gels,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. 247 - 247
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Penetrating
traumatic
injuries
of
the
brain
have
a
poor
clinical
prognosis
necessitating
development
new
therapies
to
improve
neurological
outcomes.
Laboratory
research
is
hampered
by
reliance
on
highly
invasive
experimental
approaches
in
living
animals
simulate
penetrating
e.g.,
cutting/crushing
tissue,
with
range
associated
ethical,
technical
and
logistical
challenges.
Accordingly,
there
critical
need
develop
neuromimetic
vitro
alternative
neural
models
reduce
harm
animals.
However,
most
vitro,
reductionist
simulations
injury
are
too
simplistic
complex
environment
injured
nervous
system.
We
recently
reported
complex,
two-dimensional
mouse
model
neurotrauma
containing
five
major
cell
types
replicate
architecture,
grown
"hard"
glass
substrate
sheet.
now
demonstrate
translation
this
approach
into
three-dimensional
tissue
model,
propagating
entire
cellular
network
"soft"
compliant
collagen
hydrogel,
similar
native
stiffness
(an
important
determinant
fate).
A
multicellular
cells
was
observed
form
polymer
matrix
all
populations,
including
immune
(microglia).
that
it
feasible
create
reproducible,
focal
synthesised
construct.
Importantly,
key
pathological
features
injury,
such
as
astrocyte
scarring,
(microglial)
activation,
impeded
axonal
outgrowth
stem/progenitor
migration,
can
be
successfully
induced.
also
prove
implant
biomaterial
lesion
gap
study
responses
for
screening
applications.
The
findings
support
concept
used
versatile
manner
advanced
modelling.
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
27(1), С. 157 - 183
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Over
the
last
decade,
a
plethora
of
organoid
models
have
been
generated
to
recapitulate
aspects
human
development,
disease,
tissue
homeostasis,
and
repair.
Organoids
representing
multiple
tissues
emerged
are
typically
categorized
based
on
their
origin.
Tissue-derived
organoids
established
directly
from
tissue-resident
stem/progenitor
cells
either
adult
or
fetal
Starting
pluripotent
stem
(PSCs),
PSC-derived
instead
developmental
trajectory
given
organ.
Gene
editing
technologies,
particularly
CRISPR-Cas
toolbox,
greatly
facilitated
gene
manipulation
experiments
with
considerable
ease
scalability,
revolutionizing
organoid-based
biology
research.
Here,
we
review
recent
adaptation
CRISPR-based
screenings
in
organoids.
We
examine
strategies
adopted
perform
CRISPR
organoids,
discuss
different
screening
scopes
readouts,
highlight
organoid-specific
challenges.
then
individual
genome
studies
that
uncovered
novel
genes
involved
variety
biological
processes.
close
by
providing
an
outlook
how
widespread
across
field
may
be
achieved,
ultimately
leverage
our
understanding
biology.
ACS Synthetic Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 22, 2025
CRISPR
technology
has
revolutionized
genome
editing
by
enabling
precise,
permanent
modifications
to
genetic
material.
To
circumvent
the
irreversible
alterations
associated
with
traditional
methods
and
facilitate
research
on
both
essential
nonessential
genes,
interference
or
inhibition
(CRISPRi)
activation
(CRISPRa)
were
developed.
The
gene-silencing
approach
leverages
an
inactivated
Cas
effector
protein
paired
guide
RNA
obstruct
transcription
initiation
elongation,
while
gene-activation
exploits
programmability
of
activate
gene
expression.
Recent
advances
in
CRISPRi
technology,
combination
other
technologies
(e.g.,
biosensing,
sequencing),
have
significantly
expanded
its
applications,
allowing
for
genome-wide
high-throughput
screening
(HTS)
identify
determinants
phenotypes.
These
strategies
been
applied
biomedicine,
industry,
basic
research.
This
review
explores
regulation
mechanisms,
offers
overview
workflow
CRISPR-based
screens,
highlights
superior
suitability
HTS
across
biomedical
industrial
applications.
Finally,
we
discuss
limitations
current
CRISPRi/a
envision
future
directions
CRISPR-mediated
research,
considering
potential
broader
application
diverse
fields.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(28)
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024
Myocardial
infarctions
locally
deprive
myocardium
of
oxygenated
blood
and
cause
immediate
cardiac
myocyte
necrosis.
Irreparable
is
then
replaced
with
a
scar
through
dynamic
repair
process
that
an
interplay
between
hypoxic
cells
the
infarct
zone
normoxic
adjacent
healthy
myocardium.
In
many
cases,
unresolved
inflammation
or
fibrosis
occurs
for
reasons
are
incompletely
understood,
increasing
risk
heart
failure.
Crosstalk
hypothesized
to
regulate
mechanisms
after
myocardial
infarction.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
microfluidic
devices
fabricated
on
3D
printed
templates
co-culturing
cells.
This
system
demonstrates
hypoxia
drives
human
fibroblasts
toward
glycolysis
pro-fibrotic
phenotype,
similar
anti-inflammatory
phase
wound
healing.
Co-culture
uniquely
upregulates
pro-inflammatory
signaling
in
fibroblasts,
including
increased
secretion
tumor
necrosis
factor
alpha
(TNF-α).
co-culture
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(hiPSC)-derived
myocytes
also
increase
signaling,
upregulation
interleukin
6
(IL-6)
family
pathway
expression
IL-6
receptor.
Together,
these
data
suggest
crosstalk
activates
phenotypes
resemble
initial
post-infarct
