A Novel Topical Compound Gel Loading Minoxidil and Tofacitinib for Treatment of Alopecia Areata: Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation

Drug Development Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 86(2)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

ABSTRACT Although topical minoxidil is the most common drug for alopecia areata (AA), it has limited therapeutic effect in treatment of patients with moderate and severe AA because can only promote hair follicle growth improve characteristics degeneration cannot alleviate local inflammatory response. Therefore, we designed a novel compound gel loading Janus kinases (JAK) inhibitors tofacitinib. The not had good semi‐solid properties permeation but also maintained stability up to 3 months under accelerated conditions, ensuring long‐term quality formulation. This effectively significantly response by downregulation ratio factor interferon‐γ anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐4 C3H/HeN mice bearing AA, achieving purpose synergistic AA. first combination tofacitinib formulation gives new idea clinical

Язык: Английский

Advances in Smart Chromogenic Hydrogel Composites for Next‐Generation Digital Applications

Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 36(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The rapid advancement of digital technologies has heightened the demand for multifunctional smart materials with adaptive and responsive capabilities. Among these, chromogenic hydrogel composites have emerged as promising candidates next‐generation applications due to their unique stimuli‐responsive behavior. These hydrogels exhibit dynamic optical changes in response external triggers such light, temperature, pH, humidity, mechanical stress, electric or magnetic fields, enabling a wide range functionalities data storage, security, authentication, anti‐counterfeiting technologies. This review provides comprehensive examination composites, focusing on fundamental design principles, mechanisms, emerging systems. categorizes these based response, including photochromic, hydrochromic, electrochromic, magnetochromic, thermochromic, tribochromic, mechanochromic systems, analyzing key material compositions functional characteristics. Furthermore, recent advances fabrication techniques 3D 4D printing, self‐healing networks, multi‐stimuli‐responsive are discussed, highlighting potential programmable displays, rewritable encrypted security Finally, identifies current challenges future directions field, emphasizing need enhanced durability, faster times, improved integration insights presented this work aim guide development innovative interactive intelligent materials.

Язык: Английский