Revolutionizing Neurocare: Biomimetic Nanodelivery Via Cell Membranes

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(26)

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

Abstract Brain disorders represent a significant challenge in medical science due to the formidable blood–brain barrier (BBB), which severely limits penetration of conventional therapeutics, hindering effective treatment strategies. This review delves into innovative realm biomimetic nanodelivery systems, including stem cell‐derived nanoghosts, tumor cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles, and erythrocyte membrane‐based carriers, highlighting their potential circumvent BBB's restrictions. By mimicking native properties, these nanocarriers emerge as promising solution for enhancing drug delivery brain, offering strategic advantage overcoming barrier's selective permeability. The unique benefits leveraging membranes from various sources is evaluated advanced technologies fabricating membrane‐encapsulated nanoparticles capable masquerading endogenous cells are examined. enables targeted broad spectrum therapeutic agents, ranging small molecule drugs proteins, thereby providing an approach neurocare. Further, contrasts capabilities limitations with traditional methods, underlining enable targeted, sustained, minimally invasive modalities. concluded perspective on clinical translation underscoring transformative impact landscape intractable brain diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Intracellular communication and immunothrombosis in sepsis

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(11), С. 2475 - 2484

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2022

Abstract

Inflammation and coagulation are the critical responses to infection that include leukocytes, platelets, vascular endothelial cells responding in concert eradicate invading pathogen. In sepsis, a variety of cell surface receptors, including toll‐like Fcγ‐receptors, G‐protein‐coupled adhesion detect pathogens elicit thromboinflammatory responses. Concurrently, molecular patterns released from host damaged accelerate immune through binding same pattern recognition receptors. Cytokines, chemokines, extracellular vesicles important mediators for amplifying distant as part systemic response infections. At time, communicate with each other via direct contact, molecules, paracrine mediators, tunneling nanotubes, which regulating inflammation thrombus formation. Despite increasing attention immunothrombosis these close communication systems less understood but play role defense mechanisms. this review, cellular activation intercellular sepsis focus on will be considered.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Response and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Spike Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and mRNA Vaccines

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 451 - 451

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 disease) uses Spike proteins of its envelope infecting target cells expressing on membrane angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that acts as a receptor. To control pandemic, genetically engineered vaccines have been designed inducing neutralizing antibodies against proteins. These do not act like traditional protein-based vaccines, they deliver message in form mRNA or DNA to host then produce and expose protein (from which it can be shed soluble form) alert immune system. Mass vaccination has brought light various adverse effects associated with these based mainly affecting circulatory cardiovascular ACE2 is present membrane-bound several cell types, including mucosa upper gastrointestinal tracts, endothelium, platelets, plasma. converts vasoconstrictor II into peptides vasodilator properties. Here we review pathways immunization molecular mechanisms through protein, either from encoded by mRNA-based interferes Renin-Angiotensin-System governed ACE2, thus altering homeostasis circulation Understanding interactions consequent impact system will direct diagnosis therapy vaccine-related provide information development personalized considers pathophysiological conditions predisposing such events.

Язык: Английский

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Fright of Long-Haul Flights: Focus on Travel-Associated Thrombosis

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Abstract Travel-related thrombosis (TRT), encompassing deep vein (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), poses a significant health risk associated with long-haul travel. Prolonged immobility, dehydration, cabin pressure changes during flights contribute to venous stasis, hypoxia, hypercoagulability, collectively increasing the of thromboembolism (VTE). While absolute TRT is relatively low in population overall, it rises significantly among high-risk groups, including individuals history VTE, thrombophilia, pregnancy, or recent surgery. This review explores epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation while highlighting importance early recognition prevention. Risk assessment models can provide guidance for identifying at-risk travelers. Preventive strategies include pharmacological prophylaxis low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) nonpharmacological measures such as compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression, mobility exercises, hydration. Guidelines from international societies recommend tailored interventions based on individual profiles, randomized controlled trials are scarce. Given that travel dramatically expands, this critically analyzes available management various settings, aiming increase awareness global issue.

Язык: Английский

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The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 913 - 913

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2024

Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions people all over the world. Previous studies have shown PASC impacts 10% infected patients which 50–70% are hospitalised. It has also been 10–12% those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by and its complications. The severity later development symptoms positively associated with early intensity infection. Results: generated health complications caused involve vast variety organ systems. Patients diagnosed neuropsychiatric neurological symptoms. cardiovascular system involved several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, coronary artery reported. Chronic hematological problems thrombotic endothelialitis hypercoagulability described conditions could increase risk clotting disorders coagulopathy in patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, cough respiratory long-COVID causing distress syndrome. observed immune notable, involving diseases. renal was impacted, resulted raising issues, fibrosis, sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, male infertility. Symptoms diarrhea, nausea, loss appetite, taste among reported observations due gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication long-term implications persistent cutaneous complaints linked PASC. Conclusions: Long-COVID multidimensional syndrome considerable public implications, affecting physiological systems demanding thorough medical therapy, more study address underlying causes effects needed.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Narrative Review

British Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

The World Health Organisation has reported that the viral disease known as COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is leading cause of death a single infectious agent. This narrative review examines certain components pandemic: its origins, early clinical data, global and UK-focussed epidemiology, vaccination, variants, long COVID.

Язык: Английский

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Potential mechanisms of vaccine-induced thrombosis

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 105, С. 1 - 7

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Current knowledge of thrombocytopenia in sepsis and COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Thrombocytopenia, characterized by a decrease in platelet count, is commonly observed sepsis and COVID-19. In sepsis, thrombocytopenia can result from various mechanisms, including impaired production the bone marrow, accelerated destruction due to increased inflammation, sequestration of platelets spleen, immune-mediated destruction, or dysregulated host responses. Similarly, has been reported COVID-19 patients, but immune-related mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Notably, interventions targeting have shown potential for improving outcomes both patients. Understanding these crucial developing effective treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Thromboembolic Events in the Era of COVID‐19: A Detailed Narrative Review

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2025(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is not only characterized respiratory symptoms but also associated with a wide range of systemic complications, including significant hematologic abnormalities. This comprehensive review current literature, using PubMed and Google Scholar, on pathophysiology incidence thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients thromboprophylaxis. infection induces prothrombotic state through dysregulation renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial dysfunction, elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF), dysregulated immune response involving complement neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). As result, complications have emerged cases, occurring more frequently severe cases hospitalized patients. These thrombotic affect both venous arterial circulation, increased incidences deep thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), thrombosis, myocardial infarction (MI). While DVT PE are common, literature highlights potential lethal consequences thromboembolism (ATE). briefly examines ongoing discussions regarding use anticoagulants for prevention theoretically promising, studies yielded varied outcomes: Some suggest benefits, whereas others report an risk bleeding among Therefore, further large-scale needed to assess efficacy safety thromboprophylaxis

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular Sequelae of the COVID-19 Vaccines

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Vaccines against COVID-19 present a key tool in lowering the morbidity, mortality, and transmission of disease, but they also strongly controversial topic. As result, adverse effects vaccine have been under scrutiny by public eye. A comprehensive summary cardiovascular (CV) vaccines is vital for clinical recognition rare events, determining health implications, creating base future research. In May 2023, search was conducted PubMed Cochrane databases to identify literature on CV complications resulting from vaccine. All articles with relevant data discussion regarding were included review. total, 4419 screened, 166 The vaccine-associated events encompassed following conditions: myocarditis, pericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, stress cardiomyopathy, hypertension, isolated tachycardia, myocardial infarction (MI) nonobstructive arteries (MINOCA), cardiac arrest, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), MI, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), deep vein (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), other disorders. Among these, myocarditis thrombosis, especially VITT, emerged as most frequently cited reviewed literature. Ranges incidences recorded among articles: myocarditis: 2 17 per million, VITT: 3-10 CVST: 2.6-10 MI: 3-4 million. entail potential although at low incidence, some which exhibit notable severity. These demographic specificity vaccine-specific profiles. are uniformly nature. existing body evidence offers limited support assertion that may elevate baseline risk long term. However, available research greater than six months scarce.

Язык: Английский

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