Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 177 - 204
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024
The
human
gut
microbiome
played
a
major
key
role
towards
contributing
essential
functions
to
its
host
of
an
ecosystem.
It
refers
the
entire
community
microorganisms
that
colonize
in
specific
locations
including
other
microbes
such
as
fungi,
archaea,
viruses,
protozoans,
and
bacteria.
scientific
well
understood
healthy
flora
is
majorly
responsible
for
overall
health
host.
This
chapter
aims
explore
innovative
application
nanotherapeutics
addressing
two
critical
challenges-
dysbiosis
cancer
apoptosis.
By
leveraging
nanotechnology,
we
delve
into
targeted
drug
delivery
systems
can
selectively
restore
microbial
balance
induce
apoptosis
cells.
Through
comprehensive
review
current
research
advancements,
this
will
highlight
potential
revolutionizing
treatment
strategies
complex
diseases
at
intersection
microbiology
oncology.
Metabolism and Target Organ Damage,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(4)
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
This
review
article
proposes
the
theory
that
liver
fibrosis,
abnormal
accumulation
of
excessive
extracellular
matrix,
is
not
just
an
indicator
disease
but
also
a
negative
reflection
overall
systemic
health.
Liver
fibrosis
poses
heavy
financial
burden
on
healthcare
systems
worldwide
and
can
develop
due
to
chronic
from
various
causes,
often
sustained
inflammation.
may
generate
symptoms
become
apparent
only
when
it
reaches
stage
cirrhosis
associated
with
clinically
significant
portal
hypertension
leads
decompensation
events
or
promotes
development
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
While
viral
hepatitis
alcohol
consumption
were
once
primary
causes
featuring
this
role
now
increasingly
taken
over
by
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
(MASLD).
In
MASLD,
endothelial
dysfunction
essential
component
in
pathogenesis,
promoting
present
cells
other
organs
such
as
heart,
lungs,
kidneys.
Accordingly,
predictor
liver-related
outcomes,
well
all-cause
mortality,
cardiovascular
risk,
extrahepatic
cancer.
Physicians
should
be
aware
individuals
seeking
medical
attention
for
reasons
unrelated
health
have
advanced
fibrosis.
Early
identification
these
at-risk
lead
more
comprehensive
assessment
use
treatment
options,
both
approved
investigational,
slow
reverse
progression
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
a
heterogeneous
tumor
associated
with
several
risk
factors,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
emerging
as
an
important
cause
of
tumorigenesis.
Due
to
the
obesity
epidemics,
occurrence
NAFLD
has
significantly
increased
nearly
30%
prevalence
worldwide.
HCC
often
arises
in
background
chronic
(CLD),
such
nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH)
and
cirrhosis.
Gut
microbiome
(GM)
alterations
have
been
linked
progression
development,
investigations
reporting
crucial
role
for
gut-liver
axis
microbial
metabolites
promoting
CLD.
Moreover,
GM
affects
homeostasis,
energy
status,
immune
microenvironment,
influencing
response
immunotherapy
interesting
therapeutic
implications.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
main
changes
derived
(e.g.,
short-chain
acids
bile
acids)
occurring
patients
progression,
emphasizing
their
potential
early
diagnostic
biomarkers
prognostic
tools.
We
discuss
weight
loss
effects
diet-based
interventions
healthy
lifestyles
treatment
patients,
highlighting
impact
on
restoration
intestinal
barrier
structure.
also
describe
encouraging
preclinical
findings
modulation
improve
functions
CLD,
boost
antitumor
probiotic
supplementations
or
anti-hypercholesterolemic
drug
treatment),
ultimately
delay
HCC.
The
development
safe
effective
strategies
that
target
holds
promise
cancer
prevention
treatment,
especially
if
personalized
options
will
be
considered.
During
the
last
decade,
a
new
therapeutic
revolution
has
involved
management
of
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
This
is
made
possible
thanks
to
documented
efficacy
immunotherapy
for
this
disease.
In
addition,
evidence
demonstrated
role
gut–liver
axis
and
gut
microbiota
in
host
homeostasis,
tumor
development,
response
therapies.
particular,
intestinal
dysbiosis
can
alter
microenvironment,
leading
activation
intracellular
signaling
pathways
that
promote
carcinogenesis.
The
composition
proved
influence
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
drug
toxicities.
Therefore,
review
aims
deepen
knowledge
about
immunomodulatory
its
employment
as
diagnostic
predictive
biomarkers
diagnosis
HCC
immunotherapy,
respectively.
research
was
conducted
through
analysis
Pubmed
Web
Science
(WoS)
databases
literature
studies
on
relationship
between
from
2015
2025.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
remains
a
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality,
with
limited
treatment
options
at
advanced
stages.
The
gut
microbiota,
diverse
community
microorganisms
residing
in
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
plays
pivotal
role
regulating
immune
responses
through
gut-liver
axis.
Emerging
evidence
underscores
its
impact
on
HCC
progression
and
efficacy
immunotherapy.
This
review
explores
intricate
interactions
between
microbiota
system
HCC,
focus
key
cells
pathways
involved
tumor
immunity.
Additionally,
it
highlights
strategies
for
modulating
–
such
as
fecal
transplantation,
dietary
interventions,
probiotics
potential
approaches
to
enhancing
immunotherapy
outcomes.
A
deeper
understanding
these
mechanisms
could
pave
way
novel
therapeutic
aimed
improving
patient
prognosis.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(9), С. 1946 - 1946
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2024
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
the
third
leading
cause
of
cancer
death
worldwide.
The
gut
microbiome
has
been
implicated
in
outcomes
for
HCC,
and
microbe-derived
products
may
serve
as
potential
non-invasive
indices
early
HCC
detection.
This
study
evaluated
differences
plasma
concentrations
microbiota-derived
metabolites.
Methods:
Forty-one
patients
with
96
healthy
controls
were
enrolled
from
surgical
clinics
at
Cleveland
Clinic
2016
to
2020.
Gut
circulating
metabolites
detectable
compared
between
controls.
Hierarchical
clustering
was
performed
generating
heatmaps
based
on
metabolite
using
ClustVis,
Euclidean
Ward
settings
significant
tested
a
binary
logistic
regression
model.
Results:
In
25
(61%)
had
histologically
confirmed
cirrhosis.
Trimethylamine
(TMA)-related
found
higher
those
including
choline
(p
<
0.001),
betaine
carnitine
=
0.007),
TMA
0.001)
trimethylamine
N-oxide
(TMAO,
p
0.001).
Notably,
P-cresol
glucuronide
indole-lactic
acid
0.038),
5-hydroxyindoleacetic
0.0001)
4-hydroxyphenyllactic
also
increased
panel
separated
presence
but
not
able
distinguish
cirrhosis
0.42).
Conclusions:
differentially
abundant
versus
observed
perturbations
TMAO
pathway
seem
particularly
promising
target
future
research
have
both
diagnostic
therapeutic
implications.
