Brain networks underlying vulnerability and resilience to drug addiction

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(26), С. 15253 - 15261

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2020

Regular drug use can lead to addiction, but not everyone who takes drugs makes this transition. How exactly of abuse interact with individual vulnerability is fully understood, nor it clear how individuals defy the risks associated or addiction vulnerability. We used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) in 162 participants characterize risk- and resilience-related changes corticostriatal circuits exposed stimulant both without clinically diagnosed siblings addicted individuals, control volunteers. The likelihood developing whether due familial use, was significant hypoconnectivity orbitofrontal ventromedial prefrontal cortical-striatal circuits-pathways critically implicated goal-directed decision-making. By contrast, resilience against a diagnosis substance disorder hyperconnectivity two networks involving 1) lateral cortex medial caudate nucleus 2) supplementary motor area, superior frontal cortex, putamen-brain respectively top-down inhibitory regulation habits. These findings point toward predisposing causation related impaired actions, as well countervailing systems behavioral regulation, may inform novel strategies for therapeutic preventative interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Flexible Redistribution in Cognitive Networks

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 22(8), С. 687 - 698

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The Dynamics of Concussion: Mapping Pathophysiology, Persistence, and Recovery With Causal-Loop Diagramming

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2018

Despite increasing public awareness and a growing body of literature on the subject concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury, an urgent need still exists for reliable diagnostic measures, clinical care guidelines, effective treatments condition. Complexity heterogeneity complicate research efforts, indicate innovative approaches to synthesize current knowledge in order improve outcomes. Methods from interdisciplinary field systems science, including models complex systems, have been increasingly applied biomedical applications show promise generating insight injury. The study uses causal-loop diagramming visualize relationships between factors influencing pathophysiology recovery trajectories concussive persistence symptoms deficits. primary output is series preliminary maps detailing feedback loops, intrinsic dynamics, exogenous drivers, hubs across several scales, micro-level cellular processes social influences. Key system features, such as role specific restorative cross-scale connections, are examined discussed context trajectories. This approach integrates findings disciplines allows components be considered relation larger influences, which enables identification gaps, supports classification provides framework collaboration communication—all strides that would benefit diagnosis, prognosis, treatment clinic.

Язык: Английский

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Acute thalamic connectivity precedes chronic post-concussive symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury

Brain, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 146(8), С. 3484 - 3499

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023

Abstract Chronic post-concussive symptoms are common after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and difficult to predict or treat. Thalamic functional integrity is particularly vulnerable in mTBI may be related long-term outcomes but requires further investigation. We compared structural MRI resting state 108 patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13–15 normal CT, 76 controls. examined whether acute changes thalamic connectivity were early markers for persistent explored neurochemical associations our findings using PET data. Of the cohort, 47% showed incomplete recovery 6 months post-injury. Despite absence changes, we found hyperconnectivity mTBI, specific vulnerabilities individual nuclei. Acute fMRI differentiated those chronic symptoms, time- outcome-dependent relationships sub-cohort followed longitudinally. Moreover, emotional cognitive associated known serotonergic noradrenergic targets, respectively. Our suggest that can have basis pathophysiology. This aid identification at risk following provide development new therapies facilitate precision medicine application these therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Increased functional connectivity patterns in mild Alzheimer’s disease: A rsfMRI study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. In view of our rapidly aging population, there an urgent need to identify at early stage. A potential way do so by assessing functional connectivity (FC), i.e., statistical dependency between two or more brain regions, through novel analysis techniques.In present study, we assessed static and dynamic FC using different approaches. resting state (rs)fMRI dataset from neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) was used (n = 128). The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals 116 regions 4 groups participants, healthy controls (HC; n 35), mild cognitive impairment (EMCI; 29), late (LMCI; 30), (AD; 34) were extracted analyzed. Pearson's correlation, sliding-windows correlation (SWA), point process (PPA). Additionally, graph theory measures explore network segregation integration computed.Our results showed a longer characteristic path length decreased degree EMCI in comparison other groups. increased several LMCI AD contrast HC detected. These suggest maladaptive short-term mechanism maintain cognition.The pattern observable all analyses; however, PPA enabled us reduce computational demands offered new specific findings.

Язык: Английский

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Hyperconnectivity in resting-state fMRI as a marker of disease severity in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients show both structural and functional brain alterations, including abnormal resting-state (RS) connectivity. Although some studies have investigated RS connectivity in DM1, methodological differences make it challenging to draw consistent conclusions. Objectives: This study aims analyze 1) DM1 compared healthy controls (HC), 2) graph theory metrics, 3) longitudinal variations, 4) the relationship between clinical, cognitive, data. Methodology: Twenty-one 21 matched HCs underwent 3 T MRI scans, fMRI. Of these, 15 13 participated follow-up after years. Additionally, baseline molecular cognitive assessments. Functional analysis (ROI-to-ROI) measures were employed. Longitudinal changes examined, total hyperconnectivity hypoconnectivity values calculated explore correlations with brain, correlates. Results: showed widespread HCs. no statistically significant found measures, tended decreased efficiency, strength, clustering (with moderate effect sizes). Patients remained hyperconnected over time, a progression similar Hyperconnectivity was associated more severe disease, greater muscular impairment, defects, as well lower performance. Conversely, less disease. Discussion: are characterized by efficient network organization. is discussed compensatory mechanism suggested disease severity marker.

Язык: Английский

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Mapping brain recovery after concussion

Neurology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 93(21)

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2019

To test the hypothesis that concussion-related brain alterations seen at symptomatic injury and medical clearance to return play (RTP) will have dissipated by 1 year after RTP.For this observational study, 24 athletes with concussion were scanned longitudinally within week injury, RTP, RTP. A large control cohort of 122 also before season. Each imaging session assessed global functional connectivity (Gconn) cerebral blood flow (CBF), along white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) mean diffusivity (MD). The main effects on MRI parameters evaluated each postinjury time point. In addition, covariation was between clinical measures acute symptom severity RTP.Different aspects physiology showed different patterns recovery over time. Both Gconn FA displayed no significant whereas CBF MD exhibited persistent long-term effects. dependent RTP for all points.This study provides first longitudinal evaluation focused clearance, using multiple assess structure function. These findings significantly enhance our understanding natural course a concussion.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of MEG‐based studies in Parkinson's disease: The motor system and beyond

Human Brain Mapping, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 40(9), С. 2827 - 2848

Опубликована: Март 7, 2019

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is accompanied by functional changes throughout the brain, including in electromagnetic activity recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG). An integrated overview of these changes, its relationship clinical symptoms, and influence treatment currently missing. Therefore, we systematically reviewed MEG studies that have examined oscillatory connectivity PD‐affected brain. The available articles could be separated into motor network‐focused whole‐brain focused studies. Motor network revealed PD‐related beta band (13–30 Hz) neurophysiological within between several components, although it remains elusive to what extent underlie symptoms. In slowing decrease correlated cognitive decline less strongly other markers progression. Both approaches offer a different perspective on PD‐specific mechanisms therefore complement each other. Combining merits both will improve setup interpretation future studies, which essential for better understanding process itself pathophysiological underlying specific PD as well potential use care.

Язык: Английский

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A longitudinal characterization of perfusion in the aging brain and associations with cognition and neural structure

Human Brain Mapping, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 40(12), С. 3522 - 3533

Опубликована: Май 7, 2019

Abstract Cerebral perfusion declines across the lifespan and is altered in early stages of several age‐related neuropathologies. Little known, however, about longitudinal evolution healthy older adults, particularly when quantified using magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labeling (ASL). The objective was to characterize typically aging adults elucidate associations cognition brain structure. Adults who were functionally intact at baseline ( n = 161, ages 47–89) underwent ASL quantify whole‐brain gray matter perfusion; a subset 136) had repeated (average follow‐up: 2.3 years). Neuropsychological testing each visit summarized into executive function, memory, processing speed composites. Global volume, white microstructure (mean diffusivity), hyperintensities also quantified. We assessed among perfusion, cognition, structure linear regression, relationships mixed effects models. Greater left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex right thalamus, associated better functions. loss worsening declining speed. This study helps validate noninvasive MRI‐based underscores importance cerebral blood flow cognitive aging.

Язык: Английский

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Alterations in Brain Network Topology and Structural-Functional Connectome Coupling Relate to Cognitive Impairment

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2018

According to the network-based neurodegeneration hypothesis, neurodegenerative diseases target specific large-scale neural networks, such as default mode network, and may propagate along structural functional connections within between these brain networks. Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) represents an early prodromal stage but few studies have examined topological changes To this end, we studied networks [diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] (task-free MRI) in CIND (61 mild, 56 moderate) healthy older adults (97 controls). Structurally, compared with controls, moderate had lower global efficiency, nodal centrality efficiency thalamus, somatomotor higher-order cognitive Mild only higher degree dorsal parietal regions. Functional differences were more subtle, both groups showing temporal Importantly, generally structural-functional connectome correlation than controls. The similarity was undesirable associated poorer verbal memory, executive function, visuoconstruction. Our findings highlighted distinct progressive at of diseases.

Язык: Английский

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