Space, Time, and Fear: Survival Computations along Defensive Circuits

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(3), С. 228 - 241

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The prefrontal cortex, pathological anxiety, and anxiety disorders

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 47(1), С. 260 - 275

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Overwriting an instinct: Visual cortex instructs learning to suppress fear responses

Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 387(6734), С. 682 - 688

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Fast instinctive responses to environmental stimuli can be crucial for survival but are not always optimal. Animals adapt their behavior and suppress reactions, the neural pathways mediating such ethologically relevant forms of learning remain unclear. We found that posterolateral higher visual areas (plHVAs) escapes from innate threats through a top-down pathway ventrolateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN). plHVAs no longer necessary after learning; instead, learned relies on plasticity within vLGN populations exert inhibitory control over escape responses. neurons receiving input enhance threat during endocannabinoid-mediated long-term suppression inputs. thus reveal detailed circuit, cellular, synaptic mechanisms underlying experience-dependent fear

Язык: Английский

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Refocusing neuroscience: moving away from mental categories and towards complex behaviours

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 377(1844)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2021

Mental terms-such as perception, cognition, action, emotion, well attention, memory, decision-making-are epistemically sterile. We support our thesis based on extensive comparative neuroanatomy knowledge of the organization vertebrate brain. Evolutionary pressures have moulded central nervous system to promote survival. Careful characterization brain shows that its architecture supports an enormous amount communication and integration signals, especially in birds mammals. The general a degree 'computational flexibility' enables animals cope successfully with complex ever-changing environments. Here, we suggest neuroarchitecture does not respect boundaries standard mental terms, propose neuroscience should aim unravel dynamic coupling between large-scale circuits complex, naturalistic behaviours. This article is part theme issue 'Systems through lens evolutionary theory'.

Язык: Английский

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The influence of subcortical shortcuts on disordered sensory and cognitive processing

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(5), С. 264 - 276

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2020

Язык: Английский

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A hierarchical 3D-motion learning framework for animal spontaneous behavior mapping

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2021

Animal behavior usually has a hierarchical structure and dynamics. Therefore, to understand how the neural system coordinates with behaviors, neuroscientists need quantitative description of dynamics different behaviors. However, recent end-to-end machine-learning-based methods for analysis mostly focus on recognizing behavioral identities static timescale or based limited observations. These approaches lose rich dynamic information cross-scale Here, inspired by natural animal we address this challenge proposing parallel multi-layered framework learn generate an objective metric map into feature space. In addition, characterize 3D kinematics our low-cost efficient multi-view motion-capture system. Finally, demonstrate that can monitor spontaneous automatically identify phenotypes transgenic disease model. The extensive experiment results suggest wide range applications, including model phenotyping relationships modeling between circuits behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Feature Detection by Retinal Ganglion Cells

Annual Review of Vision Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 135 - 169

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2022

Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into feature representations ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these to brain. Functional, morphological, and transcriptomic surveys have identified more than 40 retinal cell (RGC) types in mice. RGCs extract features varying complexity; some simply signal local differences brightness (i.e., luminance contrast), whereas others detect specific motion trajectories. To understand retina, we need know how give rise diverse RGC representations. A catalog set, turn, is fundamental understanding visual processing Anterograde tracing indicates that innervate 50 areas mouse Current maps connecting brain are rudimentary, as our signals transformed downstream guide behavior. In this article, I review selectivities RGCs, they arise, utilized downstream. Not only knowledge behavioral purpose critical for contributions vision; it can also us most relevant space.

Язык: Английский

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Flexible inhibitory control of visually evoked defensive behavior by the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Neuron, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(23), С. 3810 - 3822.e9

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2021

Animals can choose to act upon, or ignore, sensory stimuli, depending on circumstance and prior knowledge. This flexibility is thought depend neural inhibition, through suppression of inappropriate disinhibition appropriate actions. Here, we identified the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), an inhibitory prethalamic area, as a critical node for control visually evoked defensive responses in mice. The activity vLGN projections medial superior colliculus (mSC) modulated by previous experience threatening tracks perceived threat level environment, low escape from visual threat. Optogenetic stimulation abolishes responses, suppressing its lowers threshold increases risk-avoidance behavior. most strongly affects potentially via modality-specific inhibition mSC circuits. Thus, circuits behavior, animal's anticipation danger environment.

Язык: Английский

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Self-organization of collective escape in pigeon flocks

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(1), С. e1009772 - e1009772

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2022

Bird flocks under predation demonstrate complex patterns of collective escape. These may emerge by self-organization from local interactions among group-members. Computational models have been shown to be valuable for identifying what behavioral rules govern such individuals during motion. However, our knowledge escape is limited the lack quantitative data on bird in field. In present study, we analyze first GPS trajectories pigeons airborne attacked a robotic falcon order build species-specific model We use examine recently identified distance-dependent pattern behavior: closer prey predator, higher frequency with which flock members turn away it. extract empirical pigeon characteristics their shape and internal structure (bearing angle distance nearest neighbors). Combining these information coordination literature, an agent-based adjusted pigeons' show that turning predator increased when arises without prioritizing near. Instead, it emerges through rule avoid independently During this process, how increase consensus over direction collectively as gets closer. Our results suggest members, combined simple rules, reduces cognitive costs tracking while flocking. Such are independent can now investigated other species. study showcases important role computational interpretation findings behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Reward and aversion encoding in the lateral habenula for innate and learned behaviours

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2022

Abstract Throughout life, individuals experience a vast array of positive and aversive events that trigger adaptive behavioural responses. These are often unpredicted engage actions likely anchored on innate programs expressed by each individual member virtually all animal species. In second step, environmental cues, initially neutral, acquire value through the association with external sensory stimuli, become instrumental to predict upcoming or negative events. This process ultimately prompts learned goal-directed allowing pursuit rewarding avoidance danger. Both evolutionarily conserved fundamental for survival. Among brain structures participating in encoding positive/negative stimuli contributing behaviours is epithalamic lateral habenula (LHb). The LHb provides top-down control monoaminergic systems, responds unexpected appetitive/aversive as well cues rewards punishments. Accordingly, controls number (originating from stimuli), (stemming predictive cues). this review, we will discuss progresses rodent’s experimental work made identifying how activity governs these vital processes, provide view findings integrate within complex circuit connectivity.

Язык: Английский

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