Orthogonal representations for robust context-dependent task performance in brains and neural networks

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(7), С. 1258 - 1270.e11

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

How do neural populations code for multiple, potentially conflicting tasks? Here we used computational simulations involving networks to define "lazy" and "rich" coding solutions this context-dependent decision-making problem, which trade off learning speed robustness. During lazy the input dimensionality is expanded by random projections network hidden layer, whereas in rich units acquire structured representations that privilege relevant over irrelevant features. For decision-making, one solution project task onto low-dimensional orthogonal manifolds. Using behavioral testing neuroimaging humans analysis of signals from macaque prefrontal cortex, report evidence patterns biological brains whose geometry are consistent with regime.

Язык: Английский

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The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Project

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 26

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2021

Abstract We describe an ambitious ongoing study that has been strongly influenced and inspired by Don Stuss's career-long efforts to identify key cognitive processes characterize executive control, investigate potential unifying dimensions define prefrontal function, carefully attend individual differences. The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control project tests a theoretical framework positing two control dimensions: proactive reactive. framework's central tenets are reactive modes reflect domain-general variation, with distinctive neural signatures, involving the lateral pFC as node within associated brain networks (e.g., fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular). In project, each participant is scanned while performing theoretically targeted variants multiple well-established tasks (Stroop, cued task-switching, AX-CPT, Sternberg working memory) in three separate imaging sessions, encourages utilization different plus also completes extensive out-of-scanner differences battery. Additional features include high spatio-temporal resolution (multiband) acquisition protocol sample includes substantial subset monozygotic twin pairs participants recruited from Human Connectome Project. Although data collection still continuing (target n = 200), we provide overview design protocol, along initial results (n 80) revealing evidence signature its modulation under conditions. Aligned legacy scientific community building, partial set publicly released, full released at completion, so it can serve valuable resource.

Язык: Английский

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Asymmetry in the Central Nervous System: A Clinical Neuroscience Perspective

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2021

Recent large-scale neuroimaging studies suggest that most parts of the human brain show structural differences between left and right hemisphere. Such hemispheric asymmetries have been reported for both cortical subcortical structures. Interestingly, many neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders associated with altered functional asymmetries. However, findings concerning relation largely inconsistent, within specific as well disorders. In present review, we compare from a clinical neuroscience perspective across different We focus especially on recent studies, to concentrate replicable effects. With notable exception major depressive disorder, all reviewed were distinct patterns alterations in While autism spectrum disorder was broader range areas, other linked more areas related cognitive functions symptomology these The implications are highlighted context transdiagnostic approaches psychopathology.

Язык: Английский

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A representational similarity analysis of cognitive control during color-word Stroop

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown, С. JN - 20

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2021

Progress in understanding the neural bases of cognitive control has been supported by paradigmatic color-word Stroop task, which a target response (color name) must be selected over more automatic, yet potentially incongruent, distractor (word). For this paradigm, models have postulated complementary coding schemes: dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) is proposed to evaluate demand for via incongruency-related coding, whereas dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) implement goal and target-related coding. Yet, mapping these theorized schemes measured activity within task challenging. Here, we tested relatively directly, decomposing an event-related representational similarity analysis. Three were fit structure multivoxel patterns human fMRI activity, acquired from 65 healthy, young-adult males females. Incongruency was predominant DMFC, both incongruency present with indistinguishable strength DLPFC. In contrast, information strongly encoded early visual cortex. Further, differentially related behavior: individuals stronger DLPFC (and lateral posterior parietal cortex) but weaker DMFC exhibited less behavioral interference. These results highlight utility analysis framework investigating mechanisms point several promising directions extend paradigm. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How brain enables — ability override habits pursue internal goals major focus neuroscience research. This frequently investigated using naming task. With as test-bed, many theories specific neuroanatomical dissociations, medial regions underlie encoding distinct types information. Yet providing direct confirmation claims demonstrate that analysis, estimates patterns, can successfully establish hypothesized functional dissociations Representational may provide useful approach mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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On the psychometric evaluation of cognitive control tasks: An Investigation with the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) battery

Behavior Research Methods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 56(3), С. 1604 - 1639

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

The domain of cognitive control has been a major focus experimental, neuroscience, and individual differences research. Currently, however, no theory successfully unifies both experimental findings. Some perspectives deny that there even exists unified psychometric construct to be measured at all. These shortcomings the current literature may reflect fact paradigms are optimized for detection within-subject effects rather than differences. In study, we examine properties Dual Mechanisms Cognitive Control (DMCC) task battery, which was designed in accordance with theoretical framework postulates common sources variation. We evaluated internal consistency test-retest reliability, latter, utilized classical test measures (i.e., split-half methods, intraclass correlation) newer hierarchical Bayesian estimation generative models. Although traditional suggested poor models indicated different pattern, good excellent reliability almost all tasks conditions examined. Moreover, within-task, between-condition correlations were generally increased when using model-derived estimates, these higher appeared directly linked measures. contrast, between-task remained low regardless manipulations or approach. Together, findings highlight advantages while also pointing important role search control.

Язык: Английский

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Functional specialization and interaction in the amygdala-hippocampus circuit during working memory processing

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

Abstract Both the hippocampus and amygdala are involved in working memory (WM) processing. However, their specific role WM is still an open question. Here, we simultaneously recorded intracranial EEG from of epilepsy patients while performing a task, compared representation patterns during encoding maintenance periods. By combining multivariate representational analysis connectivity analyses with machine learning methods, our results revealed functional specialization amygdala-hippocampal circuit: The mnemonic representations were highly distinct decreased to maintenance. hippocampal representations, however, more similar across different items but remained stable absence stimulus. associated bidirectional information flow between low-frequency bands (1–40 Hz). Furthermore, decoding accuracy on load was higher by using features maintenance, that respectively. Taken together, study reveals processing interaction within amygdala-hippocampus circuit.

Язык: Английский

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Calibration of cognitive tests to address the reliability paradox for decision-conflict tasks

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2023

Standard, well-established cognitive tasks that produce reliable effects in group comparisons also lead to unreliable measurement when assessing individual differences. This reliability paradox has been demonstrated decision-conflict such as the Simon, Flanker, and Stroop tasks, which measure various aspects of control. We aim address this by implementing carefully calibrated versions standard tests with an additional manipulation encourage processing conflicting information, well combinations tasks. Over five experiments, we show a Flanker task combined Simon produced estimates differences under 100 trials per task, improves on seen benchmark data. make these freely available discuss both theoretical applied implications regarding how testing is carried out.

Язык: Английский

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Reduced temporal and spatial stability of neural activity patterns predict cognitive control deficits in children with ADHD

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

Abstract This study investigates the neural underpinnings of cognitive control deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), focusing on trial-level variability coding. Using fMRI, we apply a computational approach to single-trial decoding cued stop-signal task, probing proactive and reactive within dual model. Reactive involves suppressing an automatic response when interference is detected, implementing preparatory strategies based prior information. In contrast typically developing children (TD), with ADHD show disrupted coding during both control, characterized by increased temporal diminished spatial stability responses salience frontal-parietal network regions. correlates fluctuating task performance symptoms. Additionally, exhibit more heterogeneous patterns across individuals compared TD children. Our findings underscore significance modeling trial-wise understanding ADHD.

Язык: Английский

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Default mode network scaffolds immature frontoparietal network in cognitive development

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(9), С. 5251 - 5263

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

Abstract The default mode network (DMN) is a workspace for convergence of internal and external information. frontal parietal (FPN) indispensable to executive functioning. Yet, how they interplay support cognitive development remains elusive. Using longitudinal developmental fMRI with an n-back paradigm, we show heterogeneity maturational changes in multivoxel activity connectivity among DMN FPN nodes 528 children 103 young adults. Compared adults, exhibited prominent improvement but still inferior behavioral performance, which paired less pronounced deactivation weaker activation children, stronger coupling regions. Children’s reached adult-like level earlier than at both pattern intranetwork levels. Intrinsic DMN-FPN internetwork mediated the relationship between age working memory-related functional these networks, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)-dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) emerging as most pathway. Coupling PCC-DLPFC may further work together task-invoked PCC account performance children. Our findings suggest that provides scaffolding effect immature critical functions

Язык: Английский

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Modal and amodal cognition: an overarching principle in various domains of psychology

Psychological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 88(2), С. 307 - 337

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

Accounting for how the human mind represents internal and external world is a crucial feature of many theories cognition. Central to this question distinction between modal as opposed amodal representational formats. It has often been assumed that one but not both these two types representations underlie processing in specific domains cognition (e.g., perception, mental imagery, language). However, paper, we suggest formats play major role most cognitive domains. We believe comprehensive theory requires solid understanding their functional roles within across different cognition, developmental trajectory formats, dysfunctional behavior. Here sketch such an overarching perspective brings together research from diverse subdisciplines psychology on so unravel principles interactions.

Язык: Английский

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