Evidence for shallow cognitive maps in Schizophrenia

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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What Can Reinforcement Learning Models of Dopamine and Serotonin Tell Us about the Action of Antidepressants?

Computational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 6(1), С. 166 - 188

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Although evidence suggests that antidepressants are effective at treating depression, the mechanisms behind antidepressant action remain unclear, especially cognitive/computational level. In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) models have increasingly been used to characterise roles of neurotransmitters and probe computations might be altered in psychiatric disorders like depression. Hence, RL present an opportunity for us better understand computational underlying effects. Moreover, may also help shed light on how these implemented brain (e.g., midbrain, striatal, prefrontal regions) neural depression remediated by treatments. this paper, we evaluate ability processes action. To do this, review preclinical literature dopamine serotonin RL, draw links between findings clinical work investigating appraise linking modification function. Overall, while there is no shortage promising ideas about effects, insufficient directly implicating response depressed patients treatment. Consequently, future studies should investigate samples assess whether modifications mediate effect

Язык: Английский

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Lifestyle Factors Counteract the Neurodevelopmental Impact of Genetic Risk for Accelerated Brain Aging in Adolescence

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95(5), С. 453 - 464

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

The transition from childhood to adolescence is characterized by enhanced neural plasticity and a consequent susceptibility both beneficial adverse aspects of one's milieu.

Язык: Английский

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Pupil dilation reflects effortful action invigoration in overcoming aversive Pavlovian biases

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(4), С. 720 - 739

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

Abstract “Pavlovian” or “motivational” biases describe the phenomenon that valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: Reward prospect invigorates action, whereas punishment suppresses it. The adaptive role these in decision-making is still unclear. One idea they constitute a fast-and-frugal decision strategy situations characterized by high arousal, e.g., presence predator, which demand quick response. In this pre-registered study ( N = 35), we tested whether such situation—induced via subliminally presented angry versus neutral faces—leads to increased reliance on Pavlovian biases. We measured trial-by-trial arousal tracking pupil diameter while participants performed an orthogonalized Motivational Go/NoGo Task. were present responses, reaction times, and even gaze, with lower gaze dispersion under aversive cues reflecting “freezing gaze.” faces did not affect diameter, suggesting manipulation was ineffective. However, dilations reflected facets bias suppression, specifically physical (but cognitive) effort needed overcome inhibition: Particularly strong sustained occurred when managed perform Go responses cues. Conversely, no inhibit Win These results suggest does reflect response conflict per se nor inhibition prepotent but effortful invigoration as inhibition. discuss our context “value work” theory striatal dopamine.

Язык: Английский

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Domain-general cognitive motivation: Evidence from economic decision-making – Final Registered Report

Cognitive Research Principles and Implications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Март 18, 2022

Abstract Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage and enjoy effortful activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) quantify costs of effort, metric motivation, across two distinct domains: working memory (an N -back task) speech comprehension (understanding spoken sentences background noise). We hypothesized that operates similarly within individuals, regardless domain. Specifically, 104 adults aged 18–40 years, tested whether effort are stable domains, even after controlling other potential sources shared variation. Conversely, evaluated domains may be better explained terms relevant personality-related constructs, such as capacity or reward sensitivity. confirmed reliable association among both when these variation, well task load, statistically controlled. Taken together, results add variation impacting effort-based decision making multiple domains.

Язык: Английский

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