The effect of memory load on object reconstruction: Insights from an online mouse-tracking task

Attention Perception & Psychophysics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 85(5), С. 1612 - 1630

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Schemas, reinforcement learning, and the medial prefrontal cortex

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023

Schemas are rich and complex knowledge structures about the typical unfolding of events in a context. For example, schema lovely dinner at restaurant. central psychology neuroscience. Here, we suggest that reinforcement learning (RL), computational theory structure world relevant goal-oriented behavior, underlies learning. We synthesize literature schemas RL to offer three principles might govern schemas: via prediction errors, constructing hierarchical using RL, dimensionality reduction through simplified abstract representation world. then orbito-medial prefrontal cortex is involved both due its involvement guiding memory reactivation interactions with posterior brain regions. Finally, hypothesize amount underlie gradients along ventral-dorsal posterior-anterior axes cortex. More specific detailed representations engage ventral parts, while abstraction shift toward dorsal anterior parts medial

Язык: Английский

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Multiple timescales of temporal context in risky choice: Behavioral identification and relationships to physiological arousal

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1), С. e0296681 - e0296681

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

Context-dependence is fundamental to risky monetary decision-making. A growing body of evidence suggests that temporal context, or recent events, alters risk-taking at a minimum three timescales: immediate (e.g. trial-by-trial), neighborhood group consecutive trials), and global task-level). To examine context effects, we created novel choice set with intentional structure in which option values shifted between multiple levels value magnitude ("contexts") several times over the course task. This allowed us whether effects each timescale were simultaneously present behavior potential mechanistic role arousal, an established correlate risk-taking, context-dependency. We found was sensitive immediate, neighborhood, decreased following large (vs. small) outcome amounts, increased positive (but not negative) shifts when cumulative earnings exceeded expectations. quantified arousal skin conductance responses, related timescale, increasing earnings, suggesting physiological captures task-level assessment performance. Our results both replicate extend prior research by demonstrating decision-making consistently dynamic timescales extends some, but all context-dependence.

Язык: Английский

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Representational spaces in orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: task states, values, and beyond

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventromedial-prefrontal (vmPFC) play a key role in decision-making encode task states addition to expected value. We review evidence suggesting connection between value state representations argue that OFC / vmPFC integrate stimulus, context, outcome information. Comparable encoding principles emerge late layers of deep reinforcement learning (RL) models, where single nodes exhibit similar forms mixed-selectivity, which enables flexible readout relevant variables by downstream neurons. Based on these lines evidence, we suggest outcome-maximization leads complex representational spaces are insufficiently characterized linear signals have been the focus most prior research topic. Major outstanding questions concern OFC/ across tasks, task-irrelevant aspects, hippocampus-PFC interactions.

Язык: Английский

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The online metacognitive control of decisions

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2023

Abstract Difficult decisions typically involve mental effort, which scales with the deployment of cognitive (e.g., mnesic, attentional) resources engaged in processing decision-relevant information. But how does brain regulate effort? A possibility is that optimizes a resource allocation problem, whereby amount invested balances its expected cost (i.e. effort) and benefit. Our working assumption subjective decision confidence serves as benefit term hence “metacognitive” nature control. Here, we present computational model for online metacognitive control or oMCD. Formally, oMCD Markov Decision Process optimally solves ensuing problem under agnostic assumptions about inner workings underlying system. We demonstrate this makes quasi-optimal policy broad class processes, including -but not limited to- progressive attribute integration . disclose oMCD’s main properties (in terms choice, response time), show they reproduce most established empirical results field value-based making. Finally, discuss possible connections between prominent neurocognitive theories effort regulation.

Язык: Английский

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Accounting for multiscale processing in adaptive real-world decision-making via the hippocampus

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023

For adaptive real-time behavior in real-world contexts, the brain needs to allow past information over multiple timescales influence current processing for making choices that create best outcome as a person goes about their everyday life. The neuroeconomics literature on value-based decision-making has formalized such choice through reinforcement learning models two extreme strategies. These strategies are model-free (MF), which is an automatic, stimulus–response type of action, and model-based (MB), bases cognitive representations world causal inference environment-behavior structure. emphasis examining neural substrates decision been striatum prefrontal regions, especially with regards “here now” decision-making. Yet, dichotomy does not embrace all dynamic complexity involved. In addition, despite robust research role hippocampus memory spatial learning, its contribution just starting be explored. This paper aims better appreciate advance successor representation (SR) candidate mechanism encoding state hippocampus, separate from reward representations. To this end, we review relates hippocampal sequences SR showing implementation agents improves performance. also enables perform multiscale temporal biologically plausible manner. Altogether, articulate framework striatal prefrontal-focused account mechanisms underlying various time-related concepts self cumulates person’s life course.

Язык: Английский

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Belief updates, learning and adaptive decision making

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2023

How do I decide which restaurant to eat at? form and update the beliefs about world that shape my behavior, from food preferences career path? The brain makes decisions large small our lives experience. Most of these are based on learned expectations world, or beliefs, updated dynamically according ongoing In this article we examine cognitive, computational, neural mechanisms underlie learning decision making. We first summarize key advances in understanding decision-making research separately then re-evaluate findings within a general computation-centered framework.

Язык: Английский

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Creativity involves the subjective valuation of ideas via the Brain Valuation System

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Abstract Creative thinking is composed of a generation phase, where individuals form candidate ideas, and an evaluation monitor the quality their in terms both originality adequacy, to select best one. Here, we conceptualize creative as specific type decision-making, participants attribute subjective values ideas guide choice. Yet, while preferences have been focus many studies classical involvement decision-making remains largely unexplored. Combining tasks rating tasks, present study demonstrates that assign these depend on relative balance ideas’ which determined by individual predicts abilities. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, found human reward system encodes value Default Mode Executive Control Networks, rather than being split into idea evaluation, respectively reflect adequacy ideas. Interestingly, connectivity Networks with correlates individuals’ preferences. These results bridge gap current literature providing new evidence regarding neural bases for monitoring add valuation incomplete behavioral accounts creativity, offering perspectives influence

Язык: Английский

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Electrophysiological correlates of (mis)judging social information

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(8)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Abstract Social information can be used to optimize decision‐making. However, the simultaneous presentation of multiple sources advice lead a distinction bias in judging validity information. While involvement event‐related potential (ERP) components social processing has been studied, how they are modulated by (mis)judging an advisor's remains unknown. In two experiments participants performed decision‐making task with highly accurate or inaccurate cues. Each experiment consisted initial, learning, and test phase. During learning phase, three cues were simultaneously presented them had assessed. The effect different cue constellations on ERPs was investigated. subsequent willingness follow oppose tested. Results demonstrated over underestimating accuracy most uncertain P2 amplitude significantly increased during when advisors disagreement as compared all agreement, regardless validity. Further, larger P3 outcome found more informative As such, related smallest amplitude. findings hint at possible role predictability This study provides novel insights into judgment

Язык: Английский

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The neural representation of metacognition in preferential decision‐making

Human Brain Mapping, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45(6)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Abstract Humans regularly assess the quality of their judgements, which helps them adjust behaviours. Metacognition is ability to accurately evaluate one's own and it assessed by comparing objective task performance with subjective confidence report in perceptual decisions. However, for preferential decisions, assessing metacognition preference‐based decisions difficult because depends on goals rather than criterion. Here, we develop a new index that integrates choice, reaction time, quantify trial‐by‐trial metacognitive sensitivity preference judgements. We found dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) right anterior insular were more activated when participants made bad evaluations. Our study suggests crucial role dmPFC‐insula network representing online

Язык: Английский

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