Central mechanisms of muscle tone regulation: implications for pain and performance DOI Creative Commons

Timothy W. Cacciatore,

David I. Anderson, Rajal G. Cohen

и другие.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024

Muscle tone represents a foundational property of the motor system with potential to impact musculoskeletal pain and performance. is involuntary, dynamically adaptive, interconnected across body, sensitive postural demands, distinct from voluntary control. Research has historically focused on pathological tone, peripheral regulation, contributions passive tissues, without consideration neural regulation active its consequences, particularly for neurologically healthy individuals. Indeed, simplistic models based stretch reflex, which neglect central are still perpetuated today. Recent advances regarding dispersed different literatures, including animal physiology, science, control, neurology, child development. This paper brings together diverse areas research construct conceptual model neuroscience underlying muscle tone. It highlights how multiple tonic drive networks tune excitability complex spinal feedback circuits in concert various sources sensory relation gravity, arousal levels. The also reveals activity disrupted people disorders can lead marked impairment. presents evidence that integrative somatic methods address discusses mechanisms implications rehabilitation improve

Язык: Английский

Consciousness in the cradle: on the emergence of infant experience DOI Creative Commons
Tim Bayne, Joel Frohlich, Rhodri Cusack

и другие.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(12), С. 1135 - 1149

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Although each of us was once a baby, infant consciousness remains mysterious and there is no received view about when, in what form, first emerges. Some theorists defend 'late-onset' view, suggesting that requires cognitive capacities which are unlikely to be place before the child's birthday at very earliest. Other an 'early-onset' account, likely birth (or shortly after) may even arise during third trimester. Progress this field has been difficult, not just because challenges associated with procuring relevant behavioral neural data, but also uncertainty how best study absence capacity for verbal report or intentional behavior. This review examines both empirical methodological progress field, arguing recent research points favor early-onset accounts emergence consciousness.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

50
Violations of physical and psychological expectations in the human adult brain DOI Creative Commons
Shari Liu, Kirsten Lydic,

Lingjie Mei

и другие.

Imaging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract After seeing one solid object apparently passing through another, or a person taking the long route to destination when shortcut was available, human adults classify those events as surprising. When tested on these in violation-of-expectation (VOE) experiments, infants look longer at same outcomes, relative similar but expected outcomes. What cognitive processes underlie judgments from adults, and perhaps infants' sustained attention events? As approach test this question, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan brains of (total N = 49, 22 female, mean age 26 years) while they viewed stimuli that were originally designed for physical psychological expectations infants. We examined non-mutually exclusive candidates underlying VOE effect, including domain-general processes, like visual prediction error curiosity, domain-specific with respect distinctively (objects are solid; agents behave rationally). Early regions did not distinguish between unexpected either domain. By contrast, multiple demand regions, involved goal-directed attention, responded more both domains, providing evidence mechanism VOE. Left supramarginal gyrus (LSMG) engaged during preferentially domain, error. Thus, adult brains, violations involve domain-specific, domain-general, though purely visual, computations.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

17
Sex differences in prenatal development of neural complexity in the human brain DOI
Joel Frohlich, Julia Moser, Katrin Sippel

и другие.

Nature Mental Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(4), С. 401 - 416

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

7
Conjoint specification of action by neocortex and striatum DOI Creative Commons
Junchol Park,

Peter Polidoro,

Cátia Fortunato

и другие.

Neuron, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Disrupted visual attention relates to cognitive development in infants with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 DOI Creative Commons
Jannath Begum Ali, Luke Mason, Tony Charman

и другие.

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Infants’ looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation DOI Creative Commons
Ana Maria Portugal, Charlotte Viktorsson, Mark J. Taylor

и другие.

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1), С. 115 - 124

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

15
Not with a “zap” but with a “beep”: Measuring the origins of perinatal experience DOI Creative Commons
Joel Frohlich, Tim Bayne, Julia Crone

и другие.

NeuroImage, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 273, С. 120057 - 120057

Опубликована: Март 30, 2023

When does the mind begin? Infant psychology is mysterious in part because we cannot remember our first months of life, nor can directly communicate with infants. Even more speculative possibility mental life prior to birth. The question when consciousness, or subjective experience, begins human development thus remains incompletely answered, though boundaries be set using current knowledge from developmental neurobiology and recent investigations perinatal brain. Here, offer perspective on how a sensory perturbational complexity index (sPCI) based auditory ("beep-and-zip"), visual ("flash-and-zip"), even olfactory ("sniff-and-zip") cortical perturbations place electromagnetic ("zap-and-zip") might used address this question. First, discuss studies cognition consciousness techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and, particular, magnetoencephalography (MEG). While newborn infants are archetypal subjects for studying early development, researchers may also benefit fetal studies, womb is, many respects, controlled environment than cradle. earliest possible timepoint experience begin likely establishment thalamocortical connectivity at 26 weeks gestation, system necessary according most theoretical frameworks. To infer what age which behavioral states emerge following initiation pathways, advocate sPCI similar techniques, EEG, MEG, fMRI, estimate brain's state consciousness.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

14
Developmentally stable representations of naturalistic image structure in macaque visual cortex DOI Creative Commons
Gerick M. Lee, C. L. Rodríguez Deliz, Brittany N. Bushnell

и другие.

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(8), С. 114534 - 114534

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

To determine whether post-natal improvements in form vision result from changes mid-level visual cortex, we studied neuronal and behavioral responses to texture stimuli that were matched local spectral content but varied "naturalistic" structure. We made longitudinal measurements of behavior 16 95 weeks age, neural 20 56 weeks. also measured near-adult animals more than 3 years old. Behavioral sensitivity reached half-maximum around 25 sensitivities remained stable through all ages tested. Neural naturalistic structure was highest V4, lower V2 inferotemporal cortex (IT), barely discernible V1. Our results show a dissociation between performance improving performance, which may reflect improved processing capacity circuits downstream cortex.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
A stimulus-computable rational model of habituation in infants and adults DOI Open Access
Gal Raz, Anjie Cao,

Rebecca Saxe

и другие.

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

How do we decide what to look at and when stop looking? Even very young infants engage in active visual selection, looking less as stimuli are repeated (habituation) regaining interest novel subsequently introduced (dishabituation). The mechanisms underlying these time changes remain uncertain, however, due limits on both the scope of existing formal models empirical precision measurements infant behavior. To address this, developed Rational Action, Noisy Choice for Habituation (RANCH) model, which operates over raw images makes quantitative predictions participants’ behaviors. In a series pre-registered experiments, exposed adults varying durations measured familiar stimuli. We found that data were well captured by RANCH. Using RANCH’s stimulus-computability, also tested its out-of-sample about magnitude dishabituation new experiment manipulated similarity between stimulus. By framing behaviors rational decision-making, this work identified how dynamics learning exploration guide our attention from infancy through adulthood.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
A stimulus-computable rational model of habituation in infants and adults DOI Open Access
Gal Raz, Anjie Cao,

Rebecca Saxe

и другие.

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

How do we decide what to look at and when stop looking? Even very young infants engage in active visual selection, looking less as stimuli are repeated (habituation) regaining interest novel subsequently introduced (dishabituation). The mechanisms underlying these time changes remain uncertain, however, due limits on both the scope of existing formal models empirical precision measurements infant behavior. To address this, developed Rational Action, Noisy Choice for Habituation (RANCH) model, which operates over raw images makes quantitative predictions participants’ behaviors. In a series pre-registered experiments, exposed adults varying durations measured familiar stimuli. We found that data were well captured by RANCH. Using RANCH’s stimulus-computability, also tested its out-of-sample about magnitude dishabituation new experiment manipulated similarity between stimulus. By framing behaviors rational decision-making, this work identified how dynamics learning exploration guide our attention from infancy through adulthood.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0