PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(6), С. e3002624 - e3002624
Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024
Comparative
research
suggests
that
the
hypothalamus
is
critical
in
switching
between
survival
behaviors,
yet
it
unclear
if
this
case
humans.
Here,
we
investigate
role
of
human
by
introducing
a
paradigm
where
volunteers
switch
hunting
and
escape
response
to
encounters
with
virtual
predator
or
prey.
Given
small
size
low
tissue
contrast
hypothalamus,
used
deep
learning-based
segmentation
identify
individual-specific
its
subnuclei
as
well
an
imaging
sequence
optimized
for
hypothalamic
signal
acquisition.
Across
2
experiments,
employed
computational
models
identical
structures
explain
internal
movement
generation
processes
associated
escaping.
Despite
shared
structure,
exhibited
significantly
different
parameter
values
escaping
were
accurately
decodable
just
computing
parameters
processes.
In
experiment
2,
multi-voxel
pattern
analyses
(MVPA)
showed
hippocampus,
periaqueductal
gray
encode
behaviors
while
not
encoding
simple
motor
outside
context.
Furthermore,
connectivity
revealed
network
including
how
connected
other
regions
network.
Finally,
model-based
fMRI
strong
predictive
optimal
behavioral
coordination
after
switching,
especially
when
was
synchronized
amygdala.
Our
study
first
action
organization
switching.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(7), С. 662 - 676
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024
Beta
oscillations
are
linked
to
the
control
of
goal-directed
processing
sensory
information
and
timing
motor
output.
Recent
evidence
demonstrates
they
not
sustained
but
organized
into
intermittent
high-power
bursts
mediating
timely
functional
inhibition.
This
implies
there
is
a
considerable
moment-to-moment
variation
in
neural
dynamics
supporting
cognition.
thus
offer
new
opportunities
for
studying
how
inputs
selectively
processed,
reshaped
by
inhibitory
cognitive
operations
ultimately
result
actions.
method
advances
reveal
diversity
beta
that
provide
deeper
insights
their
function
underlying
circuit
activity
motifs.
We
propose
brain-wide,
spatiotemporal
patterns
bursting
reflect
various
nonlinear
aspects
cortical
processing.
Brain,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
147(9), С. 3204 - 3215
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
Abstract
The
subthalamic
nucleus
(STN)
of
the
basal
ganglia
is
key
to
inhibitory
control
movement.
Consequently,
it
a
primary
target
for
neurosurgical
treatment
movement
disorders
like
Parkinson’s
disease,
where
modulating
STN
via
deep
brain
stimulation
(DBS)
can
release
excess
inhibition
thalamocortical
motor
circuits.
However,
also
anatomically
connected
other
circuits,
including
those
underlying
cognitive
processes
attention.
Notably,
STN-DBS
affect
these
processes.
This
suggests
that
may
contribute
non-motor
activity
and
cause
changes
this
inhibition.
Here
we
tested
hypothesis
in
humans.
We
used
novel,
wireless
outpatient
method
record
intracranial
local
field
potentials
(LFP)
from
DBS
implants
during
visual
attention
task
(Experiment
1,
n
=
12).
These
measurements
allowed
simultaneous
recording
high-density
EEG,
which
derive
steady
state
evoked
potential
(SSVEP),
well
established
neural
index
attentional
engagement.
By
relating
marker
(instead
overt
behaviour),
avoided
possible
confounds
resulting
STN’s
role.
aimed
test
whether
contributes
momentary
SSVEP
caused
by
unexpected,
distracting
sounds.
Furthermore,
causally
association
second
experiment,
modulated
across
two
sessions
task,
spaced
at
least
1
week
apart
(n
21,
no
sample
overlap
with
Experiment
1).
LFP
recordings
showed
reductions
after
sounds
were
preceded
sound-related
γ-frequency
(>60
Hz)
STN.
Trial-to-trial
modelling
further
statistically
mediated
sounds’
suppressive
effect
on
SSVEP.
In
2,
significantly
reduced
reductions.
provides
causal
evidence
role
surprise-related
findings
suggest
human
attention,
process.
supports
domain-general
view
mechanism
some
known
side
effects
treatment,
especially
Finally,
our
newly
technique
facilitates
testing
subcortical
nuclei
complex
tasks,
alongside
rest
brain,
much
shorter
time
than
peri-surgical
recordings.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(31)
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024
Recollecting
painful
or
traumatic
experiences
can
be
deeply
troubling.
Sleep
may
offer
an
opportunity
to
reduce
such
suffering.
We
developed
a
procedure
weaken
older
aversive
memories
by
reactivating
newer
positive
during
sleep.
Participants
viewed
48
nonsense
words
each
paired
with
unique
image,
followed
overnight
In
the
next
evening,
participants
learned
associations
between
half
of
and
additional
images,
creating
interference.
During
following
non-rapid-eye-movement
sleep,
auditory
memory
cues
were
unobtrusively
delivered.
Upon
waking,
presenting
associated
both
images
as
opposed
not
cues,
weakened
recall
while
increasing
intrusions.
Substantiating
these
benefits,
computational
modeling
revealed
that
cueing
facilitated
evidence
accumulation
toward
affect
judgments.
Moreover,
cue-elicited
theta
brain
rhythms
sleep
predominantly
predicted
memories.
A
noninvasive
intervention
thus
modify
recollection
affective
responses.
Annual Review of Psychology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
76(1), С. 167 - 195
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Humans
and
other
primates
have
a
remarkable
ability
to
perform
wide
range
of
tasks
behaviors,
even
novel
ones,
in
order
achieve
their
goals.
Further,
they
are
able
shift
flexibly
among
these
behaviors
as
the
contexts
demand.
Cognitive
control
is
function
at
base
this
behavioral
generativity
flexibility.
The
present
review
provides
survey
current
research
on
cognitive
focusing
two
its
primary
features
within
systems
framework:
(
)
select
new
based
context
b
monitor
ongoing
behavior
adjust
accordingly.
Throughout,
places
an
emphasis
how
differences
content
structure
task
representations
affect
core
control.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(9), С. 1827 - 1846
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
A
single
pulse
of
TMS
(spTMS)
during
the
delay
period
a
double
serial
retrocuing
working-memory
task
can
briefly
rescue
decodability
an
unprioritized
memory
item
(UMI).
This
physiological
phenomenon,
which
is
paralleled
in
behavior
by
involuntary
retrieval
UMI,
carried
beta
frequency
band,
implicating
beta-band
dynamics
priority
coding
working
memory.
We
decomposed
EEG
data
from
12
participants
performing
with
concurrent
delivery
spTMS
using
Spatially
distributed
PhAse
Coupling
Extraction.
procedure
decomposes
scalp-level
signal
into
set
discrete
coupled
oscillators,
each
component
strength
that
vary
over
time.
The
decomposition
revealed
diversity
low-frequency
components,
subset
them
strengthening
onset
task,
and
majority
declining
across
trial,
as
well
within
period.
Results
no
evidence
it
works
activating
previously
"silent"
sources;
instead,
had
effect
modulating
ongoing
activity,
specifically
exaggerating
within-delay
decrease
posterior
components.
Furthermore,
magnitude
on
loading
correlated
disruptive
performance,
pattern
also
seen
when
analyses
were
restricted
to
trials
"UMI-lure"
probes.
Rather
than
reflecting
"activation"
putatively
"activity
silent"
these
results
implicate
mechanism
distinguishes
prioritized
unprioritized,
suggest
disrupt
this
code.
Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
48(8), С. 1421 - 1442
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024
Abstract
Forgetting
is
often
viewed
as
a
human
frailty.
However,
over
the
years,
it
has
been
considered
an
adaptive
process
that
allows
people
to
avoid
retrieval
of
undesirable
memories,
preventing
them
from
suffering
and
discomfort.
Evidence
shows
ability
suppress
memories
affected
by
several
psychopathological
conditions
characterized
persistent
unwanted
thoughts,
including
anxiety
posttraumatic
stress
disorders.
Nevertheless,
memory
suppression
(MS)
mechanisms
in
addiction—a
clinical
condition
recurrent
drug‐related
thoughts
contribute
repeated
drug
use—have
received
little
attention
so
far.
Addiction
theories
reveal
drugs
change
behavior
working
on
systems,
particularly
declarative
memory,
which
related
encoding
memories.
In
this
review,
main
behavioral
neurofunctional
findings
concerning
Think/No‐Think
task—an
adaptation
classical
Go/No‐Go
tasks
typically
used
evaluate
motor
response—are
presented.
We
then
show
how
system
can
be
involved
craving
or
anticipation/preoccupation
stage
addiction
cycle.
Subsequently,
study
MS
context
addictive
behaviors
highlighted
promising
approach
for
gaining
knowledge
about
contributing
continuation
addiction.
Finally,
we
discuss
interventions
aiming
strengthen
could
impact
(i)
reducing
accessibility
(ii)
decreasing
toward
stimuli,
(iii)
improving
overall
inhibition
abilities.
conclusion,
review
aims
illustrate
may
valuable
enhance
our
understanding
substance
use
disorders
unveiling
underlying
cognitive
neural
involved,
have
important
implications
treatment.
Psychiatry Investigation,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
22(2), С. 148 - 155
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025
Objective
Executive
function
correlates
with
the
parasympathetic
nervous
system
(PNS)
based
on
static
heart
rate
variability
(HRV)
measurements.
Our
study
advances
this
understanding
by
employing
dynamic
assessments
of
PNS
to
explore
and
quantify
its
relationship
inhibitory
control
(IC).Methods
We
recruited
31
men
aged
20–35
years.
monitored
their
electrocardiogram
(ECG)
signals
during
administration
Conners’
Continuous
Performance
Test-II
(CCPT-II)
a
weekly
basis
over
2
weeks.
HRV
analysis
was
performed
ECG-derived
RR
intervals
using
5-minute
windows,
each
overlapping
for
next
4
minutes
establish
1-minute
intervals.
For
time
window,
metrics
extracted
were:
mean
intervals,
standard
deviation
NN
(SDNN),
low-frequency
power
logarithm
(lnLF),
high-frequency
(lnHF).
Each
value
correlated
detectability
compared
corresponding
baseline
at
t0.Results
Compared
level,
SDNN
lnLF
showed
marked
decreases
CCPT-II.
The
values
significant
correlation
d’,
including
(R=0.474,
p=0.012),
(R=0.390,
p=0.045),
lnHF
(R=0.400,
p=0.032).
In
14th
correlations
included
(R=0.578,
p=0.002),
(R=0.493,
(R=0.432,
p=0.031).
Significant
between
d’
parameters
emerged
only
initial
CCPT-II.Conclusion
A
IC
observed
in
first
session
alone.
repeated
CCPT-II
needs
consider
broader
neural
network.
