Authorea (Authorea),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024
The
nuclear
genome
is
crucial
for
cells,
and
increasing
evidence
shows
that
DNA
content
alone
can
alter
cell
organismal
characteristics.
However,
the
extent
of
size
variation
its
ecological
evolutionary
consequences
are
not
well
understood,
especially
in
microorganisms.
We
used
flow
cytometry
to
estimate
GC
53
lineages
microalgal
genus
Synura
(Chrysophyceae,
Stramenopiles).
Genome
evolution
was
reconstructed
a
phylogenetic
framework
using
molecular
markers.
A
set
genomic,
morphological,
ecogeographic
variables
characterizing
were
evaluated
tested
as
predictors
phylogeny-corrected
statistical
models.
Both
varied
widely
Synura,
ranging
from
0.19
3.70
pg
34.0%
49.3%,
respectively.
mainly
associated
with
size,
less
silica
scales
covering
surface,
at
all
phylogenetically
conserved
ultrastructure
scales.
requirements
significantly
affected
by
variation,
suggesting
larger
genomes
habitats
higher
soil
nitrogen
content,
latitudes,
lower
mean
temperatures.
suggests
potential
dynamism.
Unlike
decreases,
increases
mostly
restricted
short
terminal
branches,
indicating
macroevolutionary
stability.
Lineages
exhibited
narrower
range
suitable
conditions,
likely
due
constraints
on
upper
limits.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
242(2), С. 744 - 759
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024
Angiosperms,
which
inhabit
diverse
environments
across
all
continents,
exhibit
significant
variation
in
genome
sizes,
making
them
an
excellent
model
system
for
examining
hypotheses
about
the
global
distribution
of
size.
These
include
previously
proposed
large
constraint,
mutational
hazard,
polyploidy-mediated,
and
climate-mediated
hypotheses.
We
compiled
largest
size
dataset
to
date,
encompassing
16
017
(>
5%
known)
angiosperm
species,
analyzed
using
a
comprehensive
geographic
angiosperms.
observed
that
angiosperms
with
range
sizes
generally
had
small
genomes,
supporting
constraint
hypothesis.
Climate
was
shown
exert
strong
influence
on
along
latitudinal
gradient,
while
frequency
polyploidy
type
growth
form
negligible
effects.
In
contrast
unimodal
patterns
gradient
by
plant
traits
polyploid
proportions,
increase
from
equator
40-50°N/S
is
probably
mediated
different
(mostly
climatic)
mechanisms
than
decrease
40
50°N
northward.
Our
analysis
suggests
mainly
shaped
climatically
purifying
selection,
genetic
drift,
relaxed
environmental
filtering.
American Journal of Botany,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
111(8)
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Abstract
Premise
The
history
of
angiosperms
is
marked
by
repeated
rounds
ancient
whole‐genome
duplications
(WGDs).
Here
we
used
state‐of‐the‐art
methods
to
provide
an
up‐to‐date
view
the
distribution
WGDs
in
that
considers
both
uncertainty
introduced
different
WGD
inference
and
underlying
species‐tree
hypotheses.
Methods
We
synonymous
divergences
(
K
s
)
paralogs
orthologs
from
transcriptomic
genomic
data
infer
place
across
two
hypothesized
angiosperm
phylogenies.
further
tested
these
hypotheses
with
syntenic
inferences
Bayesian
models
duplicate
gene
gain
loss.
Results
predicted
number
(~170)
based
on
current
taxon
sampling
largely
similar
methods,
but
varies
precise
placement
phylogeny.
‐based
often
yield
alternative
placements
due
variation
substitution
rates
among
lineages.
Phylogenetic
loss
are
more
robust
topological
variation.
However,
errors
can
still
produce
spurious
hypotheses,
regardless
method
used.
Conclusions
showed
agree
average
3.5
individual
species.
phylogeny
subject
tree
topology.
As
researchers
continue
test
regarding
impacts
have
evolution,
it
important
consider
as
well
methods.
Leaf
stomata
facilitate
the
exchange
of
water
and
CO2
during
photosynthetic
gas
exchange.
The
shape,
size,
density
leaf
pores
have
not
been
constant
over
geologic
time,
each
morphological
trait
has
potentially
impacted
by
changing
environmental
climatic
conditions,
especially
changes
in
concentration
atmospheric
carbon
dioxide.
As
such,
stomatal
parameters
used
simple
regressions
to
reconstruct
ancient
dioxide,
as
well
incorporated
into
more
complex
gas-exchange
models
that
also
leverage
plant
isotope
ecology.
Most
these
proxy
relationships
are
measured
on
chemically
cleared
leaves,
although
newer
techniques
such
creating
impressions
being
increasingly
employed.
Additionally,
many
use
angiosperms
with
broad
which
abundant
last
130
million
years
but
absent
from
fossil
record
before
this.
We
focus
methodology
define
for
paleo-CO2
studies
using
two
separate
methodologies
(one
corrosive,
one
non-destructive)
prepare
leaves
both
scale-
broad-leaves
collected
herbaria
known
global
levels.
find
corrosive
non-corrosive
give
similar
values
density,
measurements
sizes,
particularly
guard
cell
width
(GCW),
comparable.
Using
those
via
model,
we
found
reconstructed
based
(due
inaccurate
GCW)
far
exceeded
modern
plants.
This
bias
was
observed
coniferous
(scale-shaped)
angiosperm
(broad)
leaves.
Thus,
advise
applications
rather
than
impressions.
New Phytologist,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
242(6), С. 2845 - 2856
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
Summary
Leaf
venation
is
a
pivotal
trait
in
the
success
of
vascular
plants.
Whereas
gymnosperms
have
single
or
sparsely
branched
parallel
veins,
angiosperms
developed
hierarchical
structure
veins
that
form
complex
reticulum.
Its
physiological
consequences
are
considered
to
enabled
dominate
terrestrial
ecosystems
Late
Cretaceous
and
Cenozoic.
Although
hierarchical‐reticulate
also
occurs
some
groups
extinct
seed
plants,
it
unclear
whether
these
stem
relatives
evolved
traits
parallel.
Here,
we
re‐examine
morphology
enigmatic
foliage
taxon
Furcula
,
potential
early
Mesozoic
angiosperm
relative,
argue
its
vein
network
represents
convergent
evolution
(in
Triassic)
with
flowering
plants
(which
Early
Cretaceous)
based
on
details
architecture
absence
angiosperm‐like
stomata
guard
cells.
We
suggest
nearest
Peltaspermales
similar
Scytophyllum
Vittaephyllum
latter
being
genus
originated
during
Triassic
(Carnian)
shares
system
.
further
systems
Permian,
Triassic,
represent
‘natural
experiments’
might
help
resolve
selective
pressures
enabling
this
evolve.
Annals of Botany,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
Species
of
the
carnivorous
family
Lentibulariaceae
exhibit
smallest
genomes
in
flowering
plants.
We
explored
hypothesis
that
their
minute
result
from
unique
mitochondrial
cytochrome
c
oxidase
(COX)
mutation.
The
mutation
may
boost
efficiency,
which
is
especially
useful
for
suction-bladder
traps
Utricularia,
but
also
increase
DNA-damaging
reactive
oxygen
species,
leading
to
genome
shrinkage
through
deletion-biased
DNA
repair.
aimed
explore
this
mutation's
impact
on
size,
providing
insights
into
genetic
roles
plant
evolution
under
environmental
pressures.
Horticulture Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024
Abstract
Angiosperms
are
prolific
producers
of
structurally
diverse
terpenes,
which
essential
for
plant
defense
responses,
as
well
the
formation
floral
scents,
fruit
flavors,
and
medicinal
constituents.
Terpene
synthase
genes
(TPSs)
play
crucial
roles
in
biosynthesis
terpenes.
This
study
specifically
focuses
on
catalytic
products
222
functionally
characterized
TPSs
24
angiosperms,
mainly
comprise
monoterpenes,
sesquiterpenes,
diterpenes,
sesterterpene.
Our
systematic
analysis
these
uncovered
a
significant
expansion
angiosperm-specific
TPS-a,
b,
g
subfamilies
comparison
to
TPS-e/f
c
subfamilies.
The
expanded
can
be
further
partitioned
into
distinct
branches,
within
considerable
functional
innovation
diversification
have
been
observed.
Numerous
exhibit
bifunctional
or
even
trifunctional
activities
vitro,
yet
they
only
single
activity
vivo,
may
largely
determined
by
their
inherent
properties,
subcellular
localization,
availabilities
endogenous
substrates.
Additionally,
we
explored
biological
functions
terpenes
various
organs
tissues
angiosperms.
We
propose
that
divergence
contribute
adaptability
diversity
facilitating
production
broad
spectrum
enable
interactions
with
environment
other
organisms.
findings
provide
foundation
comprehending
correlation
between
evolutionary
features
is
terpene
research.
