Livestock
constitutes
a
potential
reservoir
of
meticillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus
isolates
belonging
to
recently
derived
lineage
within
clonal
complex
398
(MRSA
CC398-IIa).
Since
its
discovery
in
the
early
2000s,
this
has
become
major
cause
human
disease
Europe,
posing
serious
public
health
challenge
countries
with
intensive
livestock
production.
To
retrace
history
colonisation
and
infection
MRSA
CC398-IIa
Denmark,
we
conducted
nationwide,
retrospective
study
collected
from
1999
2011.
Among
7,429
screened,
identified
416
isolates.
Of
these,
148
were
people
infections,
including
51
patients
reporting
no
exposure.
The
first
cases
Denmark
occurred
2004.
Subsequently,
incidence
showed
linear
annual
increase
66%
2004
2011
(from
0.09
1.1
per
100,000
person-years).
There
clear
temporal
spatial
relationships
between
CC398-IIa-infected
without
These
findings
suggest
substantial
dissemination
or
workers
into
Danish
community
underscore
need
for
strategies
control
spread
both
on
off
farm.
BioMed Research International,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
2014, С. 1 - 9
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2014
Staphylococcal
food-borne
disease
(SFD)
is
one
of
the
most
common
diseases
worldwide
resulting
from
contamination
food
by
preformed
S.
aureus
enterotoxins.
It
causes
reported
in
United
States.
Although
several
enterotoxins
(SEs)
have
been
identified,
SEA,
a
highly
heat-stable
SE,
cause
SFD
worldwide.
Outbreak
investigations
found
that
improper
handling
practices
retail
industry
account
for
majority
outbreaks.
However,
studies
documented
prevalence
many
products
including
raw
meat
indicating
consumers
are
at
potential
risk
colonization
and
subsequent
infection.
Presence
pathogens
imposes
hazard
grave
economic
loss
human
productivity
via
disease.
Symptoms
include
nausea,
vomiting,
abdominal
cramps
with
or
without
diarrhea.
Preventive
measures
safe
processing
practice,
maintaining
cold
chain,
adequate
cleaning
disinfection
equipment,
prevention
cross-contamination
home
kitchen,
farm
to
fork.
This
paper
provides
brief
overview
SFD,
contributing
factors,
it
consumers,
current
research
gaps,
preventive
measures.
Evolutionary Applications,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
8(3), С. 240 - 247
Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2014
The
use
of
antibiotics
in
agriculture
is
routinely
described
as
a
major
contributor
to
the
clinical
problem
resistant
disease
human
medicine.
While
link
plausible,
there
are
no
data
conclusively
showing
magnitude
threat
emerging
from
agriculture.
Here,
we
define
potential
mechanisms
by
which
agricultural
antibiotic
could
lead
and
case
studies
critically
assess
risk
each.
three
considered
follows
1:
direct
infection
with
bacteria
an
animal
source,
2:
breaches
species
barrier
followed
sustained
transmission
humans
strains
arising
livestock,
3:
transfer
resistance
genes
into
pathogens.
Of
these,
mechanism
1
most
readily
estimated,
while
significant
small
comparison
overall
burden
disease.
Several
cases
2
known,
discuss
likely
livestock
origins
clones
Staphylococcus
aureus
Enterococcus
faecium,
but
it
easy
show
relatedness
direction
hard
robust
fashion.
More
difficult
yet
study
contribution
3,
may
be
important
all.
Antibiotics,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
4(4), С. 521 - 543
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2015
During
the
past
25
years
an
increase
in
prevalence
of
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus
(HA-MRSA)
was
recorded
worldwide.
Additionally,
MRSA
infections
may
occur
outside
and
independent
hospitals,
caused
by
community
associated
(CA-MRSA).
In
Germany,
we
found
that
at
least
10%
these
sporadic
are
due
to
livestock-associated
(LA-MRSA),
which
is
initially
with
livestock.
The
majority
cases
attributed
clonal
complex
CC398.
LA-MRSA
CC398
colonizes
animals
asymptomatically
about
half
conventional
pig
farms.
For
77%-86%
humans
occupational
exposure
pigs,
nasal
carriage
has
been
reported;
it
can
be
lost
when
interrupted.
Among
family
members
living
same
farms,
only
4%-5%
colonized.
Spread
beyond
this
group
people
less
frequent.
livestock
seems
influenced
farm
size,
farming
systems,
usage
disinfectants,
in-feed
zinc.
able
cause
kind
as
S.
general.
It
introduced
hospitals
nosocomial
such
postoperative
surgical
site
infections,
ventilator
pneumonia,
septicemia,
after
joint
replacement.
reason,
screening
for
colonization
hospital
admittance
recommended
farmers
veterinarians
contacts.
Intrahospital
dissemination,
typical
HA-MRSA
absence
sufficient
hygiene,
rarely
observed
date.
proportion
among
all
from
3%
across
Germany.
geographical
areas
a
comparatively
high
density
accounts
up
septicemia
15%
wound
infections.
As
known
comparative
genome
analysis,
evolved
human-adapted
methicillin-susceptible
aureus,
jump
obviously
several
genetic
changes.
Reversion
changes
readaptation
bears
potential
health
risk
requires
tight
surveillance.
Although
most
(>80%)
resistant
antibiotics,
there
still
treatment
options.
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
4
Опубликована: Март 5, 2014
The
concept
of
pathogenesis
has
evolved
considerably
over
recent
years,
and
the
scenario
"a
microbe
+
virulence
factors
=
disease"
is
probably
far
from
reality
in
a
number
cases.
Actual
pathogens
have
extremely
broad
biological
diversity
are
found
all
major
groups
microorganisms
(viruses,
bacteria,
fungi,
protozoa…).
Their
pathogenicity
results
strong
often
highly
specific
interactions
they
with
either
their
microbial
environment,
hosts
and/or
arthropod
vectors.
In
this
review,
we
explore
contribution
metagenomic
approaches
toward
understanding
within
context
communities.
With
broader
view,
discussed
"pathobiome"
research
questions
that
raises.
