Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 1903 - 1903
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024
Anti-phage
defense
systems
are
widespread
in
bacteria
due
to
the
latter
continuous
adaptation
infection
by
bacteriophages
(phages).
Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia
has
a
high
degree
of
intrinsic
antibiotic
resistance,
which
makes
phage
therapy
relevant
for
treatment
infections
caused
this
species.
Studying
array
anti-phage
that
could
be
found
S.
helps
better
adapting
phages
present
pathogenic
bacteria.
Pangenome
analysis
available
strains
with
complete
genomes
were
downloaded
from
GenBank,
including
five
local
genomes,
indicated
wide
set
72
and
subsystems
varied
between
strains.
Seven
these
more
than
20%
studied
proteins
encoded
variable
most
cases.
A
total
27
islands
revealed
where
found;
however,
60%
instances
four
islands.
Several
elements
linked
transfer
found.
No
obvious
associations
pattern
distribution
phylogenetic
features
or
isolation
site
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025
Abstract
Bacteria
harness
diverse
defense
systems
that
protect
against
phage
predation
1
,
many
of
which
are
encoded
on
horizontally
transmitted
mobile
genetic
elements
(MGEs)
2
.
In
turn,
phages
evolve
counter-defenses
3
driving
a
dynamic
arms
race
remains
underexplored
in
human
disease
contexts.
For
the
diarrheal
pathogen
Vibrio
cholerae
higher
burden
its
lytic
phage,
ICP1,
patient
stool
correlates
with
reduced
severity
4
However,
direct
molecular
evidence
phage-driven
selection
epidemic
V.
has
not
been
demonstrated.
Here,
through
clinical
surveillance
cholera-endemic
Bangladesh,
we
capture
acquisition
parasitic
anti-phage
MGE,
PLE11,
initiated
selective
sweep
coinciding
largest
cholera
outbreak
recent
records.
PLE11
exhibited
potent
activity
co-circulating
explaining
rapid
and
dominating
emergence.
We
identify
PLE11-encoded
Rta
as
novel
responsible
provide
restricts
tail
assembly.
Using
experimental
evolution,
predict
counteradaptations
document
eventual
emergence
ICP1
achieves
convergent
evolutionary
outcome.
By
probing
how
PLEs
hijack
structural
proteins
to
drive
their
horizontal
transmission
while
simultaneously
restricting
assembly,
discover
manipulate
assembly
construct
chimeric
tails
comprised
MGE
phage-encoded
proteins.
Collectively,
our
findings
reveal
basis
natural
globally
significant
virus
clinically
relevant
context.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
The
astounding
number
of
anti-phage
defenses
encoded
by
bacteria
is
countered
an
elaborate
set
phage
counter-defenses,
though
their
evolutionary
origins
are
often
unknown.
Here,
we
report
the
discovery
orphan
antitoxin
counter-defense
element
in
T4-like
phages
that
can
overcome
bacterial
toxin-antitoxin
defense
system,
DarTG1.
DarT1
toxin,
ADP-ribosyltransferase,
modifies
DNA
to
prevent
replication
while
its
cognate
antitoxin,
DarG1,
a
NADAR
superfamily
ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase
reverses
these
modifications
uninfected
bacteria.
We
show
some
carry
DarG1-like
domain
protein,
which
term
anti-DarT
factor
(AdfN),
removes
ADP-ribose
from
during
infection
thereby
enabling
DarTG1-containing
find
divergent
proteins
unrelated
likewise
exhibit
anti-DarTG1
activity,
underscoring
importance
ADP-ribosylation
bacterial-phage
interactions,
and
revealing
function
substantial
subset
superfamily.
Toxin-antitoxin
systems
make
up
branch
immune
system.
Johannesman
et
al
demonstrate
have
co-opted
counter
ADP-ribosyltransferase
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
Bacteria
are
constantly
threatened
by
their
viral
predators
(phages),
which
has
resulted
in
the
development
of
defense
systems
for
bacterial
survival.
One
family
found
widely
across
bacteria
OLD
(for
overcoming
lysogeny
defect)
nucleases.
Despite
recent
discoveries
regarding
Class
2
and
4
nucleases
how
phages
overcome
them,
1
warrant
further
study
as
there
only
been
one
anti-phage
nuclease
described
to
date.
Here,
we
identify
Vibrio
cholerae-
encoded
Vc
describe
its
disruption
genome
replication
lytic
vibriophage
ICP1.
Furthermore,
examine
vitro
activity,
identifying
a
DNA
nickase.
Finally,
first
direct
inhibitor
nuclease,
ICP1-encoded
Oad1.
Our
research
illuminates
nucleases'
role
phage
explores
dynamic
arms
race
between
V.
cholerae
predatory
Microbiology Spectrum,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025
ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
is
a
bacterial
pathogen
that
major
cause
of
lung
infections
in
cystic
fibrosis
(CF)
and
other
patients.
Isolates
P.
from
CF
patients
commonly
carry
filamentous
phages
(Pf
phages),
which
constitute
family
temperate
known
to
be
related
biofilm
production
antibiotic
sequestration.
In
this
study,
we
identified
12
new
Pf
phage
genomes
collection
clinical
isolates
Study
the
anti-phage
defense
systems
revealed
presence
89
such
systems,
eight
were
encoded
genomes.
Finally,
although
weak
relation
between
resistance
infection
number
was
detected,
it
observed
these
phages.
IMPORTANCE
Bacteria
harbor
wide
range
mechanisms
avoid
hamper
application
therapy
because
they
can
lead
rapid
acquisition
resistance.
found
genome
presents
56%
.
The
high
prevalence
underlines
importance
our
findings
about
newly
discovered
role
infections.
Thus,
knowledge
anti-defense
system
could
useful
assessing
possible
treat
an
infectious
disease.
Infectious Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
4(1), С. 100168 - 100168
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025
Phages,
including
the
viruses
that
lyse
bacterial
pathogens,
offer
unique
therapeutic
advantages,
their
capacity
to
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
and
disrupt
biofilms
without
harming
host
microbiota.
The
lack
of
new
effective
antibiotics
growing
limitations
existing
have
refocused
attention
on
phage
therapy
as
an
option
in
complex
clinical
cases
such
burn
wounds,
cystic
fibrosis,
pneumonia.
This
review
describes
preclinical
studies
which
has
been
both
human
veterinary
medicine,
agricultural
context.
In
addition,
critical
challenges,
narrow
range
bacteriophages,
possibility
resistance,
regulatory
constraints
widespread
use
therapy,
are
addressed.
Future
directions
include
optimizing
through
strategies
ranging
from
cocktails
broadening
genetic
modification,
using
phages
vaccines
or
biocontrol
agents.
future,
if
can
be
efficiently
delivered,
maintained
a
stable
state,
phage-antibiotic
synergy
achieved,
will
much
needed
treatment
options.
However,
successful
implementation
within
current
standards
practice
also
require
considerable
development
infrastructure
greater
public
acceptance.
closing,
this
highlights
promise
backup
substitute
for
antibiotics.
It
proposes
role
significant
adjunct
to,
even
replacement
for,
treating
multidrug-resistant
infections.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
To
prevent
phage
infection,
bacteria
have
developed
an
arsenal
of
antiphage
defense
systems.
Using
functional
metagenomic
selections,
we
identified
new
examples
these
systems
from
human
fecal,
oral,
and
grassland
soil
microbiomes.
Our
selections
in
Escherichia
coli
revealed
over
200
putative
defenses
14
diverse
bacterial
phyla,
highlighting
the
broad
phylogenetic
interoperability
Many
were
unrecognizable
based
on
sequence
or
predicted
structure,
so
could
only
be
via
assays.
In
mechanistic
studies,
show
that
some
encode
nucleases
degrade
covalently
modified
DNA,
but
which
accommodate
chemical
modifications.
We
also
identify
outer
membrane
proteins
adsorption
a
set
previously
unknown
with
profiles
modalities.
Most
acted
against
at
least
two
phages,
indicating
broadly
acting
are
widely
distributed
among
non-model
bacteria.
