Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
characterized
by
motor
impairments
caused
degeneration
of
dopamine
neurons
in
the
substantia
nigra
pars
compacta.
In
addition
to
these
symptoms,
PD
patients
often
suffer
from
non-motor
co-morbidities
including
sleep
and
psychiatric
disturbances,
which
are
thought
depend
on
concomitant
alterations
serotonergic
noradrenergic
transmission.
A
primary
locus
dorsal
raphe
nucleus
(DRN),
providing
brain-wide
input.
Here,
we
identified
electrophysiological
morphological
parameters
classify
dopaminergic
murine
DRN
under
control
conditions
a
model,
following
striatal
injection
catecholamine
toxin,
6-hydroxydopamine
(6-OHDA).
Electrical
properties
both
neuronal
populations
were
altered
6-OHDA.
neurons,
most
changes
reversed
when
6-OHDA
was
injected
combination
with
desipramine,
noradrenaline
reuptake
inhibitor,
protecting
terminals.
Our
results
show
that
depletion
mouse
model
causes
neural
circuitry.
Building
on
current
explorations
in
chronic
optical
neural
interfaces,
it
is
essential
to
address
the
risk
of
photothermal
damage
traditional
optogenetics.
By
focusing
calcium
fluorescence
for
imaging
rather
than
stimulation,
injectable
fluorescent
interfaces
significantly
minimize
and
improve
accuracy
neuronal
imaging.
Key
advancements
including
use
microelectronics
targeted
electrical
stimulation
their
integration
with
cell-specific
genetically
encoded
indicators
have
been
discussed.
These
electronics
that
allow
post-treatment
retrieval
offer
a
minimally
invasive
solution,
enhancing
both
usability
reliability.
Furthermore,
bioelectronics
enables
precise
recording
individual
neurons.
This
shift
not
only
minimizes
risks
such
as
conversion
but
also
boosts
safety,
specificity,
effectiveness
Embracing
these
represents
significant
leap
forward
biomedical
engineering
neuroscience,
paving
way
advanced
brain–machine
interfaces.
Molecular Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025
Abstract
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
neurodevelopmental
condition
caused
by
both
genetic
and
environmental
factors.
Since
no
single
gene
variant
accounts
for
more
than
1%
of
the
cases,
converging
actions
ASD-related
genes
other
factors,
including
microRNAs
(miRNAs),
may
contribute
to
ASD
pathogenesis.
To
date,
few
studies
have
simultaneously
investigated
mRNA
miRNA
profiles
in
an
ASD-relevant
model.
The
BTBR
mouse
strain
displays
range
behaviors
with
ASD-like
features
but
little
known
about
protein-coding
noncoding
expression
landscape
that
underlie
phenotype.
Here
we
performed
parallel
profiling
using
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
C57BL/6
J
(B6)
mice.
This
identified
1063
differentially
expressed
48
miRNAs.
Integration
data
strong
inverse
relationship
between
upregulated
(DEGs)
downregulated
miRNAs,
vice
versa.
Pathway
analysis,
taking
account
miRNAs
their
target
mRNAs
highlighted
significant
shared
enrichment
immune
signaling,
myelination,
processes.
Notably,
changes
were
predicted
affect
synapse-related
functions
did
not
find
linked
cellular
components
or
biological
processes
related
synapses
PFC
mice,
indicating
evade
control.
In
contrast,
extensive
relationships
DEGs
suggesting
role
as
potential
hub
coordinators
expression.
Profiling
findings
confirmed
via
qRT-PCR
representative
transcripts
Our
study
underscores
complex
interplay
regulation
within
inflammatory
pathways
model,
offering
insights
into
mechanisms
ASD.
These
results
support
value
model
identify
strategies
could
adjust
molecular
therapeutic
applications
research.
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023
Although
it
may
appear
infeasible
and
impractical,
building
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
using
a
bottom-up
approach
based
on
the
understanding
of
neuroscience
is
straightforward.
The
lack
generalized
governing
principle
for
biological
neural
networks
(BNNs)
forces
us
to
address
this
problem
by
converting
piecemeal
information
diverse
features
neurons,
synapses,
circuits
into
AI.
In
review,
we
described
recent
attempts
build
biologically
plausible
network
following
neuroscientifically
similar
strategies
optimization
or
implanting
outcome
optimization,
such
as
properties
single
computational
units
characteristics
architecture.
addition,
proposed
formalism
relationship
between
set
objectives
that
attempt
achieve,
classes
categorized
how
closely
their
architectural
resemble
those
BNN.
This
expected
define
potential
roles
top-down
approaches
offer
map
helping
navigation
gap
AI
engineering.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
60(4), С. 4597 - 4623
Опубликована: Июль 20, 2024
Histamine
is
a
modulatory
neurotransmitter,
which
has
received
relatively
less
attention
in
the
central
nervous
system
than
other
neurotransmitters.
The
functional
role
of
histamine
neocortex,
brain
region
that
controls
higher-order
cognitive
functions
such
as
attention,
learning
and
memory,
remains
largely
unknown.
This
article
focuses
on
emerging
roles
mechanisms
release
neocortex.
We
describe
gaps
current
knowledge
propose
application
interdisciplinary
tools
to
dissect
detailed
multiscale
logic
histaminergic
action
neocortex
ranging
from
sub-cellular,
cellular,
dendritic
synaptic
levels
microcircuits
mesoscale
effects.
iScience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
26(2), С. 106026 - 106026
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023
In
recent
years,
the
biological
underpinnings
of
adaptive
learning
have
been
modeled,
leading
to
faster
model
convergence
and
various
behavioral
benefits
in
tasks
including
spatial
navigation
cue-reward
association.
Furthermore,
studies
investigated
how
neuromodulatory
system,
a
major
driver
synaptic
plasticity
state-dependent
changes
brain
neuronal
activities,
plays
role
training
deep
neural
networks
(DNNs).
this
study,
we
extended
previous
on
neuromodulation-inspired
DNNs
explored
effects
components
single
unit
activities
task.
Under
multiscale
framework,
plastic
components,
dropout
probability
modulation,
rate
decay
were
added
unit,
layer,
whole
network
levels
DNN
models,
respectively.
We
observed
smaller
error
ambulation.
then
concluded
that
can
affect
trajectories,
outcomes,
component-
hyperparameter-dependent
manner.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2023
Abstract
A
key
feature
of
animal
and
human
decision-making
is
to
balance
the
exploration
unknown
options
for
information
gain
(directed
exploration)
versus
selecting
known
immediate
reward
(exploitation),
which
often
examined
using
restless
bandit
tasks.
Recurrent
neural
network
models
(RNNs)
have
recently
gained
traction
in
both
systems
neuroscience
work
on
reinforcement
learning,
due
their
ability
show
meta-learning
task
domains.
Here
we
comprehensively
compared
performance
a
range
RNN
architectures
as
well
learners
four-armed
problems.
The
best-performing
architecture
(LSTM
with
computation
noise)
exhibited
human-level
performance.
Computational
modeling
behavior
first
revealed
that
behavioral
data
contain
signatures
higher-order
perseveration,
i.e.,
perseveration
beyond
last
trial,
but
this
effect
was
more
pronounced
RNNs.
In
contrast,
learners,
not
RNNs,
positive
uncertainty
choice
probability
exploration).
hidden
unit
dynamics
exploratory
choices
were
associated
disruption
predictive
signals
during
states
low
state
value,
resembling
win-stay-loose-shift
strategy,
resonating
previous
single
recording
findings
monkey
prefrontal
cortex.
Our
results
highlight
similarities
differences
between
it
emerges
computational
mechanisms
identified
cognitive
work.
