Attachment is in the eye of the beholder: a pupillometry study on emotion processing

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2025

Early attachment relationships exert lasting effects on psychophysical health across the lifespan. Limited behavioral evidence suggests that these stem from how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to their environment. This study investigated whether adults' representations modulate autonomic responses happy sad facial expressions, evidenced by changes in pupil size. We utilized a sample of healthy adults (N = 100; 68% females, 18-35 years, prevalently White European). In an eye-tracking experiment, we assessed dilation expressions (n 152 trials). Dismissing preoccupied orientations were as continuous dimensions via self-report. Linear mixed models revealed with higher scores dismissing exhibited significant increase response not expressions. No observed for orientations, age, or sex. These findings suggest increased show heightened arousal negative emotions.

Язык: Английский

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Presaccadic Attention Shifts Up‐ and Downwards: Evidence From the Pupil Light Response

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Vision is introspectively stable, yet every eye movement moves the image of world on retina. The dominant view states that attention must precede saccades to prepare brain for postsaccadic retinal input, which ensures a stable visual experience. A recent surge studies investigated asymmetries around field, including in presaccadic attention. Such demonstrated benefits task performance horizontal and downward saccades, but strikingly no such benefit was observed upward saccades. An absence shifts would contrast indicate may not be necessary ensure perceptual continuity. Here, we capitalized fact pupil light response robustly tracks spatial investigate whether up‐ downwards. We manipulated landing brightness ensuing saccade could prepared prior saccade. Specifically, either presented patches throughout trial or only these upon onset. In two experiments, earlier responses both when presaccadically. This shows shifted agrees with being instrumental realizing Reconciling previously contradictory findings, can without necessarily yielding all facets processing at attended location. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate shift along vertical meridian.

Язык: Английский

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The Costs of Paying Overt and Covert Attention Assessed With Pupillometry

Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 34(8), С. 887 - 898

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

Attention can be shifted with or without an accompanying saccade (i.e., overtly covertly, respectively). Thus far, it is unknown how cognitively costly these shifts are, yet such quantification necessary to understand and when attention deployed covertly. In our first experiment (N = 24 adults), we used pupillometry show that shifting more than likely because planning saccades complex. We pose differential costs will, in part, determine whether covertly a given context. A subsequent adults) showed relatively complex oblique are simple horizontal vertical directions. This provides possible explanation for the cardinal-direction bias of saccades. The utility cost perspective as presented here vital furthering understanding multitude decisions involved processing interacting external world efficiently.

Язык: Английский

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Self-regulating arousal via pupil-based biofeedback

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1), С. 43 - 62

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

The brain's arousal state is controlled by several neuromodulatory nuclei known to substantially influence cognition and mental well-being. Here we investigate whether human participants can gain volitional control of their using a pupil-based biofeedback approach. Our approach inverts mechanism suggested previous literature that links activity the locus coeruleus, one key regulators central pupil dynamics. We show enables acquire size. Applying self-regulation systematically modulates coeruleus other brainstem structures involved in control. Furthermore, it cardiovascular measures such as heart rate, behavioural psychophysiological responses during an oddball task. provide evidence makes system accessible control, finding has tremendous potential for translation clinical applications across various domains, including stress-related anxiety disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Revealing visual working memory operations with pupillometry: Encoding, maintenance, and prioritization

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

Abstract Pupillary dynamics reflect effects of distinct and important operations visual working memory: encoding, maintenance, prioritization. Here, we review how pupil size predicts memory performance it provides novel insights into the mechanisms each operation. Visual information must first be encoded with sufficient precision. The depth this encoding process couples to arousal‐linked baseline as well a constriction response before after stimulus onset, respectively. Subsequently, is maintained over time ensure not lost. Pupil dilation reflects effortful maintenance information, wherein storing more items accompanied by larger dilations. Lastly, most task‐relevant prioritized guide upcoming behavior, which reflected in yet another dilatory component. Moreover, activated content can pupillometrically probed directly tagging luminance levels. Through luminance‐tagging mechanism, light responses reveal whether dark or bright receive attention during Together, conceptualizing sum components reveals memory. From viewpoint, pupillometry promising avenue study vital through works . This article categorized under: Psychology > Attention Memory Theory Methods

Язык: Английский

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Functional benefits of cognitively driven pupil‐size changes

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023

Abstract Pupil‐size changes are typically associated with the pupil light response (PLR), where they driven by physical entry of into eye. However, pupil‐size also influenced various cognitive processes, higher‐level cognition. For example, strength PLR is not solely affected properties but factors, such as whether source attended or not, which results in an increase decrease PLR. Surprisingly, although cognitively have been focus extensive research, their possible functions rarely discussed. Here we consider relative (dis)advantages small versus large pupils different situations from a theoretical point view, and compare these to empirical showing how size actually situations. Based on this, suggest that optimize vision either through preparation, embodied representations, differential emphasis central peripheral vision. More generally, argue form sensory tuning: subtle adjustment eyes for current situation immediate future. This article categorized under: Neuroscience > Cognition Physiology Behavior

Язык: Английский

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Decoupling of the pupillary light response during internal attention: The modulating effect of luminance intensity

Acta Psychologica, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242, С. 104123 - 104123

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

In a world full of sensory stimuli, attention guides us between the external environment and our internal thoughts. While involves processing is devoted to self-generated representations such as planning or spontaneous mind wandering. They both draw from common cognitive resources, thus simultaneous engagement in often leads interference processes. order maintain focus, an attentional mechanism known perceptual decoupling takes effect. This supports cognition by perception information. Two previous studies lab investigated what extent evident voluntary eye movements. Findings showed that effect mediated task modality workload (visuospatial > arithmetic high low, respectively). However, it remains unclear whether extends involuntary behavior, which may not share resources with activities. Therefore, present experiment aimed further elucidate dynamics examining affects pupillary light response (PLR). Specifically, we consistently observed reduced PLR luminance changes medium intensity. strong was less at all affected task. These results suggest effects be consistent particularly context salient visual stimulus.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation to numerosity affects the pupillary light response

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Abstract We recently showed that the gain of pupillary light response depends on numerosity, with weaker responses to fewer items. Here we show this effect holds when stimuli are physically identical but perceived as less numerous due numerosity adaptation. Twenty-eight participants adapted low (10 dots) or high (160 numerosities and subsequently watched arrays 10–40 dots, variable homogeneous dot size. Luminance was constant across all stimuli. Pupil size measured passive viewing, effects adaptation were checked in a separate psychophysical session. found systematically lower, correspondingly smaller, following rather than numerosities. This is consistent being primary visual feature, spontaneously encoded even task irrelevant, affecting automatic unconscious behaviours like response.

Язык: Английский

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Pupil-linked arousal with very light exercise: pattern of pupil dilation during graded exercise

The Journal of Physiological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 72(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2022

Although it has been hypothesized that moderate to vigorous exercise immediately modulates cognition via ascending arousal system activation, such activation during very-light light remained uncertain. Here, we aimed uncover the exact intensity necessary for using pupillometry. The pupil diameter, psychological arousal, and ventilation graded of 26 young males were analyzed based on %[Formula: see text]. Pupils dilated with compared rest, stabilized, then drastically increased again above. Pupil dilation was positively correlated increases in arousal. Thus, have shown there are two phases exercise: one coinciding response, other or above similar increase pattern. This unique pattern provides physiological evidence exercise.

Язык: Английский

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Relating Pupil Diameter and Blinking to Cortical Activity and Hemodynamics across Arousal States

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(6), С. 949 - 964

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022

Arousal state affects neural activity and vascular dynamics in the cortex, with sleep associated large changes local field potential increases cortical blood flow. We investigated relationship between pupil diameter blink rate volume somatosensory cortex male female unanesthetized, head-fixed mice. monitored these variables while mice were awake, during periods of rapid eye movement (REM), non-rapid (NREM) sleep. Pupil was smaller than awake state. Changes coherent both gamma-band power but strength sign this varied arousal observed a strong negative correlation rest NREM sleep, although correlations signals became positive alertness, active whisking, REM. Blinking decreases when mouse asleep. Bilateral coherence dropped following blinking, indicating reset activity. Using only metrics (pupil motion), we could determine ('Awake,' 'NREM,' 'REM') >90% accuracy 5 s resolution. There is hemodynamics mice, reflecting pronounced effects on cerebrovascular dynamics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Determining critical component any neuroscience experiment. blinking are influenced by state, as cortex. found that strongly related to Mice more likely be after before, resets motion can used reliable, noninvasive indicator As transition from wake back again over timescale seconds, monitoring permits detection events behavioral or resting-state experiments.

Язык: Английский

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