bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024
Abstract
Subcortical
nuclei
of
the
ascending
arousal
system
play
an
important
role
in
regulating
brain
and
cognition.
However,
functional
MRI
these
humans
involves
unique
challenges
due
to
their
size
location
deep
within
brain.
Here,
we
used
ultra-high-field
other
methodological
advances
investigate
activity
six
subcortical
during
reward
anticipation
memory
encoding:
locus
coeruleus,
basal
forebrain,
median
dorsal
raphe
nuclei,
substantia
nigra
ventral
tegmental
area.
Participants
performed
a
monetary
incentive
delay
task,
which
successfully
induced
state
anticipation,
24-hour
delayed
surprise
test.
Region-of-interest
analyses
revealed
that
all
increased
potential
rewards
as
opposed
neutral
outcomes.
In
contrast,
none
predicted
performance
24
hours
later.
These
findings
provide
new
insights
into
cognitive
functions
are
supported
by
human
system.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
modulatory
neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
and
activation
of
β-adrenergic
receptors
(β-ARs)
has
a
crucial
role
in
hippocampus-dependent
forms
learning.
Although
β-AR
also
facilitates
the
induction
Hebbian
LTP
at
excitatory
synapses
hippocampus,
recent
findings
indicate
that
non-Hebbian
form
synaptic
plasticity,
known
as
behavioral
timescale
plasticity
(BTSP),
underlies
spatial
Because
little
is
about
noradrenergic
signaling
BTSP,
I
examined
effects
on
BTSP-like,
complex
spike
(CS)
burst-dependent
induced
by
theta-pulse
stimulation
(TPS)
protocols
CA1
region
mouse
hippocampal
slices.
find
not
only
enhances
homosynaptic
potentiation
transmission
TPS
but
regulates
how
interact
during
CS
LTP.
ability
to
cooperative
fashion
undergo
LTP,
which
mediated
heterosynaptic
facilitation
EPSP-evoked
bursting
brief
trains
TPS,
was
enhanced
activation.
Moreover,
unlike
conventional
where
requires
near
synchronous
coactivation
synapses,
enabled
interactions
between
activated
up
ten
seconds
apart.
potent
competition
emerges
longer
TPS.
This
effect
depression
produces
an
unusual,
bidirectional
modulation
β-AR-mediated
suppression
other
synapses.
Together,
these
fundamental
properties
postsynaptic
rules
modulating
multiple
plasticity.
Abstract
Subcortical
nuclei
of
the
ascending
arousal
system
(AAS)
play
an
important
role
in
regulating
brain
and
cognition.
However,
functional
MRI
(fMRI)
these
humans
involves
unique
challenges
due
to
their
size
location
deep
within
brain.
Here,
we
used
ultra-high-field
other
methodological
advances
investigate
activity
6
subcortical
during
reward
anticipation
memory
encoding:
locus
coeruleus
(LC),
basal
forebrain,
median
dorsal
raphe
nuclei,
substantia
nigra,
ventral
tegmental
area.
Participants
performed
a
monetary
incentive
delay
task,
which
successfully
induced
state
anticipation,
24-h
delayed
surprise
test.
Region-of-interest
analyses
revealed
that
all
increased
potential
rewards
as
opposed
neutral
outcomes.
In
contrast,
none
predicted
performance
24
h
later.
These
findings
provide
new
insights
into
cognitive
functions
are
supported
by
human
AAS.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024
Neuroscience
is
beginning
to
uncover
the
role
of
interoceptive
feedback
in
perception,
learning,
and
decision-making;
however,
relation
between
spontaneous
visceral
cognitive
dynamics
has
received
surprisingly
little
scrutiny.
Here,
we
investigate
how
subjective,
physiological,
behavioural
indicators
arousal
attentional
state
vary
as
a
function
cardiac
activity
brain-heart
coupling.
Combined
electroencephalogram,
electrocardiogram,
pupillometric
records
were
obtained
from
25
healthy
human
adults
during
performance
sustained
attention
response
task
(SART).
Thought-probes
intermittently
administered
SART
collect
subjective
reports
(i.e.,
on-task,
mind-wandering,
mind-blanking)
vigilance
level
alertness).
Mind-wandering
mind-blanking
increased
frequency
with
time-on-task,
but
associated
distinct
profiles.
Mind-blanking
was
further
characterised
by
more
profound
decreases
heart-rate
pupil
size
than
late
modulation
heartbeat-evoked
potential.
Besides
state,
lower
predicted
decreased
size,
while
variability
impulsive
behaviour
dilation.
Together,
these
findings
reveal
that
parameters
afford
complementary
information
about
states
dynamics,
illustrating
complexity
disengagement
physiological
perspective.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(16), С. 8636 - 8636
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024
Pain
perception
is
the
consequence
of
a
complex
interplay
between
activation
and
inhibition.
Noradrenergic
pain
modulation
inhibits
nociceptive
transmission
perception.
The
main
source
norepinephrine
(NE)
in
central
nervous
system
Locus
Coeruleus
(LC),
small
but
cluster
cells
pons.
aim
this
study
to
review
literature
on
LC-NE
inhibitory
system,
its
influence
chronic
pathways
frequent
comorbidities.
research
showed
that
environmental
processing
modulated
by
system.
If
perpetuated
time,
inputs
can
generate
neuroplastic
changes
reduce
effects
facilitate
development
comorbidities,
such
as
anxiety,
depression
or
sleeping
disturbances.
exact
mechanisms
involved
LC
functional
shift
remain
unknown,
there
some
evidence
they
occur
through
plastic
medial
lateral
their
brain
projections.
Additionally,
are
other
influencing
factors,
like
developmental
issues,
neuroinflammatory
glial
changes,
NE
receptor
affinity
neuronal
firing
rates.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2024
Summary
The
lateral
habenular
(LHb)
neurons
and
astrocytes
have
been
strongly
implicated
in
depression
etiology
but
it
was
not
clear
how
the
two
dynamically
interact
during
onset.
Here,
using
multi-brain-region
calcium
photometry
recording
freely-moving
mice,
we
discover
that
stress
induces
a
unique,
bimodal
neuronal
response
most
rapid
astrocytic
LHb.
LHb
requires
α
1A
-adrenergic
receptor,
depends
on
recurrent
neural
network
between
locus
coeruleus
(LC).
Through
gliotransmitter
glutamate
ATP/Adenosine,
mediate
second-wave
activation
of
local
as
well
release
norepinephrine
(NE).
Activation
or
inhibition
signaling
facilitates
prevents
stress-induced
depressive-like
behaviors
respectively.
These
results
identify
positive
feedback
loop
LHb-LC
axis,
with
being
critical
relay.
identification
this
prominent
neuron-glia
interaction
may
shed
light
management
prevention.
The
human
mind
automatically
divides
continuous
experience
into
meaningful
events
(event
segmentation).
Despite
abundant
evidence
that
some
kinds
of
situation
changes
(e.g.,
action,
goal,
or
location
changes)
contribute
to
event
segmentation,
a
component
is
critical
for
understanding
and
predicting
others’
behavior,
emotion,
has
yet
be
investigated.
In
two
experiments,
we
sought
establish
viewers
can
track
emotion
while
viewing
naturalistic
videos,
these
segmentation.
Participants
watched
commercial
film
excerpts
identifying
either
boundaries
(moments
separate
events)
different
grains
(Experiment
1:
neutral-grain;
Experiment
2:
fine-grain
coarse-grain).
We
found
participants
agreed
with
each
other
about
when
occurred
in
the
demonstrating
are
able
emotional
content
dynamic
videos
as
they
experienced.
Moreover,
identified
were
temporally
aligned
by
groups.
addition,
valence
arousal
ratings
from
groups
uniquely
predicted
likelihood
boundaries,
even
after
accounting
types
change.
However,
more
strongly
tied
than
coarse
associated
affective
fine
boundaries.
These
novel
findings
suggest
information
plays
substantial
role
structuring
ongoing
experiences
events,
providing
stronger
basis
how
shapes
perception
memory
everyday
experiences.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(11), С. 2401 - 2414
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Abstract
Prediction
errors
drive
reinforcement
learning
and
organize
episodic
memory
into
distinct
contexts,
but
do
these
effects
interact?
Here,
we
review
the
roles
of
midbrain
dopamine,
locus
coeruleus,
hippocampus
in
event
cognition
to
propose
simulate
theoretical
influence
two
prediction
error
signals
integrating
versus
segmenting
events
memory.
We
suggest
that
signed
reward
can
build
mental
models
environments,
increasing
contextual
similarity
(integration)
experiences
with
stronger,
more
stable
expectations.
On
other
hand,
unsigned
signal
a
new
model
environment,
generating
shift
(segmentation)
between
crossed
them.
moreover
predicted
differences
give
rise
patterns
temporal-order
combined
ideas
computational
account
for
seemingly
paradoxical
pattern
where
greater
representational
distance
helps
order
within
context
impairs
it
across
contexts.
found
simulating
integration
segmentation
differentially
enabled
perform
associative
chaining,
which
involved
reactivating
items
tested
probes
assist
sequential
retrieval.
In
summary,
our
simulations
provide
unifying
explanation
varied
ways
neuromodulatory
systems
may
alter
