Methodologies to Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical Applications

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(2), С. 186 - 186

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2022

The use of extracellular vesicles (EV) in nano drug delivery has been demonstrated many previous studies. In this study, we discuss the sources vesicles, including plant, salivary and urinary which are easily available but less sought after compared with blood tissue. Extensive research past decade established that breadth EV applications is wide. However, efforts on standardizing isolation purification methods have not brought us to a point can match potential for clinical use. standardization open doors researchers clinicians alike experiment proposed uses lesser concerns regarding untraceable side effects. It make it easier identify mechanism therapeutic benefits track any unforeseen effects observed.

Язык: Английский

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Exosome engineering for efficient and targeted drug delivery: Current status and future perspective

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 601(22), С. 4853 - 4872

Опубликована: Май 16, 2022

Abstract Exosomes are membrane‐bound vesicles that released by most cells. They carry nucleic acids, cytokines, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. responsible for inter‐ intracellular communications their role in drug delivery is well defined. have great potential therapeutic applications, but the clinical use restricted because of limitations standardized procedures isolation, purification, delivery. Bioengineering exosomes could be one approach to achieve standardization reproducible isolation use. important transporters targeted small size, stable structure, non‐immunogenicity, non‐toxic nature, as ability a wide variety compounds. These features can enhanced further bioengineering. In this review, possible exosome bioengineering approaches, biomedical discussed. image

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2), С. 274 - 274

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-enclosed structures that have gained much attention from researchers across varying scientific fields in the past few decades. Cells secrete diverse types of EVs into extracellular milieu which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. These play a crucial role facilitating intracellular communication via transport proteins, lipids, DNA, rRNA, miRNAs. It is well known number viruses hijack several cellular pathways involved EV biogenesis to aid their replication, assembly, egress. On other hand, can also trigger host antiviral immune responses by carrying immunomodulatory molecules viral antigens on surface. Owing this intricate relationship between viruses, intriguing studies identified various EV-mediated infections interrogated how alter overall spread longevity. This review provides comprehensive overview EV-virus relationship, details modes context clinically relevant enveloped non-enveloped viruses.

Язык: Английский

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RGD hydrogel-loaded ADSC extracellular vesicles mitigate uranium-induced renal injury via TLR4/NF-κB pathway inhibition

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Uranium-induced kidney damage represents a major health concern due to its toxic effects, including mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-mediated pyroptosis is critical pathway in the pathogenesis of renal injury. The toll-like receptor 4 / nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling plays pivotal role this process. Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-EVs) possess therapeutic potential their anti-inflammatory regenerative properties. Incorporating ADSCs-EVs into arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), hydrogels may enhance stability efficacy vivo. This study aims explore molecular mechanism by which RGD hydrogel-loaded modulate mtDNA-mediated suppressing TLR4/NF-κB alleviate uranium-induced Repairing was found mitigate mtDNA leakage, thereby inhibiting pyroptosis. alleviated cell pathway. In vivo animal experiments confirmed enhanced body improved against Our findings reveal effectively inhibit pathway, preventing alleviating damage. elucidation provides novel strategy for utilizing treating

Язык: Английский

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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally phospholipid enclosed nanovesicles released by many cells in the body. They stable circulation, have low immunogenicity, and act as carriers for functionally active biological molecules. interact with target organs bind to receptors. Their specificity is important use EVs noninvasive diagnostic prognostic tools. play a vital role normal physiology cellular communication. known protect their cargo from degradation, which makes them drug targeted delivery. Using markers tracking path systemic circulation can be revolutionary using We will discuss scope of this paper. Although there limitations isolation storage, high biocompatibility fuel more innovations overcome these challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond Macromolecules: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Inflammatory Diseases

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(15), С. 1963 - 1963

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2023

Inflammation is the defense mechanism of immune system against harmful stimuli such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation, etc., and characterized by tissue redness, swelling, heat generation, pain, loss functions. essential in recruitment cells at site infection, which not only aids elimination cause, but also initiates healing process. However, prolonged inflammation often brings about several chronic inflammatory disorders; hence, a balance between pro- anti-inflammatory responses order to eliminate cause while producing least damage host. A growing body evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play major role cell–cell communication via transfer bioactive molecules form proteins, lipids, DNA, RNAs, miRNAs, cells. The present review provides brief classification EVs followed detailed description how contribute pathogenesis various inflammation-associated diseases their implications therapeutic measure. latter part highlights act bridging entity blood coagulation disorders associated inflammation. findings illustrated may open new window target EV-associated responses, thereby minimizing negative outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Macrophage‐Biomimetic Nanoplatform‐Based Therapy for Inflammation‐Associated Diseases

Small Methods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(7)

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

Abstract Inflammation‐associated diseases are very common clinically with a high incidence; however, there is still lack of effective treatments. Cell‐biomimetic nanoplatforms have led to many breakthroughs in the field biomedicine, significantly improving efficiency drug delivery and its therapeutic implications especially for inflammation‐associated diseases. Macrophages an important component immune cells play critical role occurrence progression while simultaneously maintaining homeostasis modulating responses. Therefore, macrophage‐biomimetic not only inherit functions macrophages including inflammation tropism effect targeted drugs neutralization pro‐inflammatory cytokines toxins via membrane surface receptors or proteins, but also maintain inner nanoparticles. Macrophage‐biomimetic shown remarkable efficacy excellent application potential In this review, diseases, physiological macrophages, classification construction first introduced. Next, latest applications different treatment summarized. Finally, challenges opportunities future biomedical discussed. It hoped that review will provide new ideas further development nanoplatforms.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles of COVID-19 Patients Reflect Inflammation, Thrombogenicity, and Disease Severity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 5918 - 5918

Опубликована: Март 21, 2023

Severe COVID-19 infections present with cytokine storms, hypercoagulation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, extracellular vesicles (EVs) being involved in coagulation inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether profiles EVs reflect disease severity. Thirty-six patients symptomatic infection mild/moderate/severe (12 each group) were analyzed. Sixteen healthy individuals served as controls. Coagulation EV characteristics tested by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), flow cytometry, Western blot. While factors VII, V, VIII, vWF comparable, significant differences found patients' D-Dimer/fibrinogen/free protein S levels compared displayed higher percentages of small (<150 nm) increased expression exosome marker CD63. high platelet markers (CD41) (tissue factor activity, endothelial C receptor). moderate/severe expressed significantly immune cell (CD4/CD8/CD14) contained IL-6. We demonstrated that EVs, but not the profile, may serve biomarkers for elevated immune- vascular-related disease, play a role pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Management of COVID19-Associated Lung Injury: A Review on Publications, Clinical Trials and Patent Landscape

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(4), С. 659 - 673

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Role of CD9 Sensing, AI, and Exosomes in Cellular Communication of Cancer

International Journal of Stem cell Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023

Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that released by various types of cells, including cancer and play a role in intercellular communication. CD9 is protein involved cell signaling adhesion. It found on the surface has been implicated communication between cells their microenvironment. contain bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. have shown to communication, they progression cancer. There evidence suggest packaging release exosomes cells. be important for formation tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) exosomes. These TEMs thought sorting specific molecules into In summary, appears an microenvironment via The precise mechanisms which mediates this still being investigated, but involvement exosome uptake suggests it may promising target development novel therapies. Furthermore, recipient For example, studies CD9-positive can taken up other leading transfer oncogenic promotion progression.

Язык: Английский

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