Sustainable Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(2), С. 13 - 13
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025
Physical
pretreatments
play
a
crucial
role
in
reducing
the
recalcitrance
of
lignocellulosic
biomass,
facilitating
its
conversion
into
fermentable
sugars
for
bioenergy
and
chemical
applications.
This
study
critically
reviews
physical
pretreatment
approaches,
including
mechanical
comminution,
irradiation
(ultrasound,
microwave,
gamma
rays,
electron
beam),
extrusion,
pulsed
electric
field.
The
discussion
covers
mechanisms
action,
operational
parameters,
energy
efficiency,
scalability
challenges,
associated
costs.
Methods
such
as
ultrasound
microwave
induce
structural
changes
that
enhance
enzymatic
accessibility,
while
extrusion
combines
thermal
forces
to
optimize
hydrolysis.
Mechanical
comminution
is
most
effective
during
short
periods
when
combined
with
other
techniques
overcome
limitations
high
consumption.
Innovative
fields,
show
significant
potential
but
face
challenges
large-scale
implementation.
provides
technical
strategic
insights
developing
more
aligned
economic
feasibility
industrial
sustainability.
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 107340 - 107340
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
This
study
aims
to
evaluate
the
ultrasound-assisted
synthesis
of
silver
nanoparticles
(AgNPs)
based
on
an
aqueous
extract
Ruta
graveolens
L.
reduce
Ag+
Ag0.
In
addition,
biological
activity
synthesized
AgNPs
was
evaluated
against
tumor
cells.
The
following
parameters
were
for
synthesis:
proportion
between
solution
(0.1
mol
L-1
Ag+)
and
R.
extract,
pH
(5,
7,
9),
temperature
containing
ultrasound
(US)
type
(bath
probes),
US
as
frequency
(37,
80
kHz
bath
20
amplitude
time
application
US.
order
confirm
effect,
"silent"
experiments
(without
US)
performed.
Using
optimized
conditions
(US
bath,
1
+
5,
v
v-1,
kHz,
70
%
amplitude,
°C,
9,
25
min
sonication
time)
it
possible
obtain
mean
size,
PI,
zeta
potential
30
nm,
0.129,
-34.44
mV,
respectively.
For
comparison
results,
in
condition
presented
66
0.412,
-22.12
lower,
more
uniform,
stable
when
compared
with
magnetic
stirring.
morphology
using
predominantly
spherical
monodisperse.
cell
lines
HaCat
(keratinocytes),
L929
(fibroblasts),
B16-F10
(melanoma)
different
antioxidant
measured
by
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
method.
A
higher
cytotoxic
effect
melanoma
line
(IC50
=
2.12
µg
mL-1)
normal
good
result
found
DPPH
assay,
IC50
234.3
mL-1
free
radical
scavenging.
Therefore,
technology
presents
a
promising
sustainable
green
method
avoiding
use
toxic
reagents
obtained
showed
potent
anticancer
activity.
Sustainable Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(2), С. 13 - 13
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025
Physical
pretreatments
play
a
crucial
role
in
reducing
the
recalcitrance
of
lignocellulosic
biomass,
facilitating
its
conversion
into
fermentable
sugars
for
bioenergy
and
chemical
applications.
This
study
critically
reviews
physical
pretreatment
approaches,
including
mechanical
comminution,
irradiation
(ultrasound,
microwave,
gamma
rays,
electron
beam),
extrusion,
pulsed
electric
field.
The
discussion
covers
mechanisms
action,
operational
parameters,
energy
efficiency,
scalability
challenges,
associated
costs.
Methods
such
as
ultrasound
microwave
induce
structural
changes
that
enhance
enzymatic
accessibility,
while
extrusion
combines
thermal
forces
to
optimize
hydrolysis.
Mechanical
comminution
is
most
effective
during
short
periods
when
combined
with
other
techniques
overcome
limitations
high
consumption.
Innovative
fields,
show
significant
potential
but
face
challenges
large-scale
implementation.
provides
technical
strategic
insights
developing
more
aligned
economic
feasibility
industrial
sustainability.
