Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024
is a transmitted respiratory pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in children, especially those under 5 years of age. During the implementation population control measures for COVID-19 mainland China,
Язык: Английский
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025
SUMMARY Streptococcus pneumoniae (the “pneumococcus”) is a significant human pathogen. The key determinant of pneumococcal fitness and virulence its ability to produce protective polysaccharide (PS) capsule, anti-capsule antibodies mediate serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing bacteria. Notably, immunization with conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has effectively reduced the burden disease caused by serotypes included in but also spurred relative upsurge prevalence non-vaccine serotypes. Recent advancements serotyping bioinformatics surveillance tools coupled high-resolution analytical techniques have enabled discovery numerous new capsule types, thereby providing fresh perspective on dynamic landscape. This review offers insights into current seroepidemiology highlighting important serotype shifts different global regions PCV era. It comprehensively summarizes newly discovered from 2007 2024, alongside updates revised chemical structures de-novo determinations for previously known Furthermore, we spotlight emerging evidence non-pneumococcal Mitis-group strains that express capsular PS are serologically biochemically related types. We further discuss implications these recent findings nomenclature, carriage detection, future design. maps out status outlines course research vaccine strategies, ensuring continued effective response evolving challenge.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Vaccine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50, С. 126848 - 126848
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
In 2019, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Croatian immunization programme, a first for this European PCV-naïve country. This study aimed to evaluate impact of PCV10 on serotype distribution among asymptomatic children and with pneumonia and/or acute otitis media. Cross-sectional studies were conducted before after introduction, nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 1500 healthy under 48 months age. An additional 324 18 years media, whom Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated, also included. Isolates identified by conventional methods, serotyped Quellung reaction, tested antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion gradient test methods. We report prevalence, absolute risk (prevalence) difference (RD) relative ratio (RR) differences between exposed control children. Carriage prevalence increased 19.9% 28.7%, primarily due rise non-vaccine serotypes (NVT). Adjusted probabilities 6C (RR 3.18; 95% CI, 1.43-7.06), 11A 2.8; 1.22-6.39), 19A 4.18; 1.18-14.9) 23A 3.93; 1.87-8.24) significantly higher Prevalences these pneumonia/acute cohort, 3 4.6; 2.02-10.3), becoming leading post-PCV10 isolate overall studied population. Serotypes almost entirely responsible complicated cases which probability 21-fold. Antimicrobial remained similar across periods. early post-vaccine period significant increase vaccine-related (6C, 19A) observed. Continued monitoring is essential concerning patients mucosal infections pneumonia.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2025
Two pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV15 and PCV20, were licensed in June 2021. includes two additional serotypes (22F, 33F) beyond those PCV13, while PCV20 adds seven more (8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, 33F), covering approximately 30% of invasive disease (IPD) cases adults. In 2023, the US CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended either or for all children aged < 5 years 2‒18 with risk conditions. 2024, FDA approved PCV21 adults ≥ 18 years. October ACIP alone PPSV23 50 19-49 These advancements highlight evolving landscape vaccination. This review examines molecular epidemiology infections, diagnostic methods, anticipated public health impact these vaccines reducing burden.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025
Children with hematologic malignancies (HMs) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Data on long-term IPD trends in U.S. children HM after 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction limited. We assessed before and PCV13 the proportion cases caused by serotypes contained new vaccines (PCV15 PCV20, introduced 2019). During 2005-2019, among aged <18 years were identified through Active Bacterial Core surveillance. characterized underlying conditions (HM, other factors, no factors) time periods [pre-PCV13 (2005-2009), early-PCV13 (2010-2014) late-PCV13 (2015-2019)]. estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) <5 without during 2010-2019. 5912 years; 215 (3.6%) HM. The decreased over all groups; however, IRRs vs. 215.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 146.1-292.4] 240.9 (95 CI: 152.3-341.1) early periods, respectively. In period, PCV15/non-PCV13 PCV20/non-PCV15 19.4% 4.8% PCV13-type introduction. However, remain an IPD. Continued monitoring impact PCV15 PCV20 use is needed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025
Cohen, Robert MD; Ouldali, Naim PhD; Varon, Emmanuelle Levy, Corinne MD Author Information
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Acta Oto-Laryngologica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 8
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) has contributed to a dramatic reduction in invasive pneumococcal diseases. However, its impact upon nasopharyngeal carriage and upper respiratory tract infections is unclear. This study was aimed evaluate the humoral immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae children with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) post PCV era. We evaluated eight representative serotypes included PCV13 (3, 6 A, 6B, 9 V, 14, 18 C, 19 F, 23 F) among rAOM. Serum total immunoglobulin levels were typically within normal range, but there decrease IgG2 >20% of cases. Serotype-specific antibody titers not significantly different for any serotype rAOM group compared healthy controls, except 3. Conversely, ability serotype-specific antibodies induce opsonophagocytic killing increased three (6 14). There positive correlation between titer activity five F). Quantitative qualitative evaluation would be an important method evaluating
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Vaccine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 55, С. 127031 - 127031
Опубликована: Март 29, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Pediatric Pulmonology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2024
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are pathobionts that share common environmental niches within the upper respiratory tract. They can form part of resident airway microbiota, but under certain circumstances become pathogenic induce disease. In children, both organisms have a considerable impact on healthcare system, commonly causing acute otitis media pneumonia. also associated with chronic biofilm-mediated infections, such as persistent middle ear effusions suppurative media, in lower airways protracted bacterial bronchitis bronchiectasis. Consequently, responsible for large numbers antibiotic prescriptions substantial costs. The complex relationship between NTHi pneumococcal co-interaction during colonization, infection biofilm formation is poorly understood greater understanding needed to facilitate development future therapies, novel interventions prevention strategies. Co-infections bacteria result more severe disease, disease severity likely mediated by their ability cooperate some vivo niches. However, this not always straightforward, conditions, these two compete rather than cooperate. Current opinion supports developing vaccine targeting strains, well combined pneumococci decrease burden young children. This review summarizes our current knowledge interactions speculates directions research understand how co-exist better prevent treat infection.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024
ABSTRACT Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) causes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-invasive acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Three conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are recommended in the United States with additional products clinical trials. We aimed to estimate 1) proportions of IPD cases ARIs caused by serotypes targeted existing pipeline PCVs 2) annual U.S. burdens potentially preventable PCVs. Methods estimated serotype distribution (AOM [children only], sinusitis, non-bacteremic pneumonia) attributable each PCV using Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches incorporating data from studies Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) data. then numbers outpatient-managed ARIs, pneumonia hospitalizations, multiplying incidence rates PCV-targeted vaccine effectiveness estimates. Results In children, PCV15, PCV20, PCV24, PCV25, PCV31 account for 16% (95% confidence interval: 15–17%), 31% (30–32%), 34% (32–35%), 43% (42–44%), 68% (67–69%) otitis media cases, respectively. adults, PCV21, (38–47%), 52% (47–57%), 69% (64–73%), 65% (61–70%), 62% (57–67%), 87% (83–90%) cases. For IPD, 42–85% pediatric 42–94% adult were due serotypes. PCV-preventable encompassed 270 thousand–3.3 million 2–17 thousand 3–14 annually. Conclusions Across conditions, coverage lowest PCV15 highest PCV31, PCV21 also targeting sizeable disease. Serotype across syndromes may inform formulations policy.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0