New Wine in Old Bottles: The Sustainable Application of Slow Sand Filters for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants, a Critical Literature Review

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(23), С. 10595 - 10595

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024

The current treatment of wastewater has unintended negative environmental impacts. Conventional methods frequently involve the use harmful chemicals, generate disinfectant by-products, consume significant amounts energy, and produce wastes requiring additional efforts for safe disposal. Water stress exacerbated by contaminants emerging concern (CECs) climate change, is further straining aging systems. A slow sand filter (SSF), with ligno-cellulosic layers, offers a novel, promising, economic alternative reclamation. This review examines key SSF characteristics, obtained from recent studies, explores sustainable materials such as ligno-cellulose, companion. optimal design includes bed depth >0.6 m, particle effective size (D10) between 0.15 mm 0.40 mm, uniformity coefficient (CU grain ratio) ≤2.0. It established that SSF’s characteristic biolayer microorganisms enhances contaminant removal via biodegradation. While biofilm-based micropollutants proven mechanism, research needed to address CEC challenges. For example, inclusion sawdust in layers can reduce energy consumption compared conventional be recycled through thermal conversion, aligning circular economy principles. approach potential improve economies, contributing achievement UN Sustainability Goals.

Язык: Английский

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A review of inland nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane concentrates management: Treatment, resource recovery and future development

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 27

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2024

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis have become prevalent methods for treating inland wastewater because of superior separation efficiency operational simplicity, yet they produce highly polluting membrane concentrates (e.g., from municipal potable water industrial wastewater) containing biological, organic, salt pollutants. Managing poses significant challenges, often resulting in underutilization their valuable components. This paper discusses strategies reducing, rendering harmless, utilizing resources concentrates, along with future development trends. Methods reducing concentrate formation, such as optimizing modes modification, are examined. Generally, the preprocessing can be used an oxidation pretreatment to improve removal macromolecular pollutants provide conditions targeted non-biodegradability emerging contaminants by free radicals process. The biological treatment further treats biodegradable Finally, biosafety quality guaranteed through process, so achieve near-zero emissions. Resource recovery options include production crystals potassium magnesium phosphate, hydroxyapatite), microalgae resources, others. Additionally, non-chemical before processing is proposed simplify concentrates. A new analytic hierarchy process aids selecting appropriate resource utilization processes Furthermore, there a call establishment reinforcement legislation address well regulations governing purity salts recovered

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of spatial distribution and temporal trend of nitrogen dioxide ($${{\varvec{N}}{\varvec{O}}}_{2}$$) pollution using Sentinel-5P satellite imagery over Afghanistan based on Google Earth Engine

Earth Science Informatics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Forecasting of monthly air quality index and understanding the air pollution in the urban city, India based on machine learning models and cross-validation

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 82(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Spatial analysis techniques for assessing groundwater vulnerability: a strategic approach to proactive conservation and mitigation strategies

Environmental Earth Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 83(22)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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