Eco-Friendly Conductive Hydrogels: Towards Green Wearable Electronics

Gels, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(4), С. 220 - 220

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

The rapid advancement of wearable electronics has catalyzed the development flexible, lightweight, and highly conductive materials. Among these, hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates due to their tissue-like properties, which can minimize mechanical mismatch between flexible devices biological tissues excellent electrical conductivity, stretchability biocompatibility. However, environmental impact synthetic components production processes in conventional poses significant challenges sustainable application. This review explores recent advances eco-friendly used healthcare, focusing on design, fabrication, applications green electronics. Emphasis is placed use natural polymers, bio-based crosslinkers, synthesis methods improve sustainability while maintaining high performance. We discuss incorporation polymers carbon-based nanomaterials into environmentally benign matrices. Additionally, article highlights strategies for improving biodegradability, recyclability, energy efficiency these By addressing current limitations future opportunities, this aims provide a comprehensive understanding friendly basis next generation technologies.

Язык: Английский

Hydrogel-Based Biointerfaces: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in Human–Machine Integration

Gels, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(4), С. 232 - 232

Опубликована: Март 23, 2025

Human–machine interfacing (HMI) has emerged as a critical technology in healthcare, robotics, and wearable electronics, with hydrogels offering unique advantages multifunctional materials that seamlessly connect biological systems electronic devices. This review provides detailed examination of recent advancements hydrogel design, focusing on their properties potential applications HMI. We explore the key characteristics such biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, responsiveness, which are essential for effective long-term integration tissues. Additionally, we highlight innovations conductive hydrogels, hybrid composite materials, fabrication techniques 3D/4D printing, allow customization to meet demands specific HMI applications. Further, discuss diverse classes polymers contribute conductivity, including conducting, natural, synthetic, polymers, emphasizing role enhancing electrical performance adaptability. In addition material examine regulatory landscape governing hydrogel-based biointerfaces applications, addressing considerations clinical translation commercialization. An analysis patent insights into emerging trends shaping future technologies human–machine interactions. The also covers range neural interfaces, soft haptic systems, where play transformative Thereafter, addresses challenges face issues related stability, scalability, while perspectives continued evolution technologies.

Язык: Английский

A highly stretchable, self-adhesive, anti-freezing dual-network conductive carboxymethyl chitosan based hydrogel for flexible wearable strain sensor

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 308, С. 142301 - 142301

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Язык: Английский