Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(5), С. 1447 - 1478

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate detection-and-response system. The first Resistance (R) gene was cloned in 1992 . Since then, many cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified, and R genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) cloned. Here, we provide list of characterized PRRs NLRs. In addition receptors, components signaling networks were discovered over last 30 years. We review pathways, physiological responses, molecular regulation both PRR- NLR-mediated immunity. Recent studies reinforced importance interactions between two systems. an overview immunity, highlighting challenges perspectives future research.

Язык: Английский

---

Salicylic Acid: Biosynthesis and Signaling

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 72(1), С. 761 - 791

Опубликована: Март 23, 2021

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal the amplification of local immune responses, as well establishment systemic acquired resistance. During past three decades, immense progress has been made understanding biosynthesis, homeostasis, perception, functions SA. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding SA other biological processes. We highlight recent breakthroughs substantially advanced our how biosynthesized from isochorismate, it perceived, receptors regulate different aspects immunity. Some key questions biosynthesis signaling, such produced via another intermediate, benzoic acid, affects activities its transcriptional regulation genes, remain to be addressed.

Язык: Английский

---

Ca ²⁺ signals in plant immunity

The EMBO Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 41(12)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

Review13 May 2022Open Access Ca2+ signals in plant immunity Philipp Köster orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-822X Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Zürich-Basel Science Center, University Zürich, Switzerland Contribution: Visualization, Writing - original draft, review & editing Search for more papers by this author Thomas A DeFalco orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-1485 Cyril Zipfel Corresponding Author [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-8583 The Sainsbury Laboratory, East Anglia, Norwich, UK Funding acquisition, Information Köster1, DeFalco1 *,1,2 1Institute 2The *Corresponding author. Tel: +41 044 63 48222; E-mail: EMBO Journal (2022)41:e110741https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2022110741 PDFDownload PDF article text main figures. ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures Info Abstract Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion eukaryotes. Spatially temporally defined cytoplasmic are shaped through the concerted activity channels, exchangers, pumps response diverse stimuli; these then decoded Ca2+-binding sensor proteins. In plants, signaling is central both pattern- effector-triggered immunity, with generation characteristic elevations potential pathogens being common both. However, despite their importance, long history scientific interest, transport proteins that shape integration remain poorly characterized. Here, we discuss recent work has shed light on deepened mysteries immunity. immune system All eukaryotes use systems protect themselves against pathogens. consists two characterized perception layers: one utilizes cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) perceive extracellular immunogenic patterns, another relies intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) recognize pathogenic effectors inside cell (Jones Dangl, 2006). first layer system, apoplastic elicitors such pathogen-, microbe-, damage-, or herbivore-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, MAMPs, DAMPs, HAMPs, respectively) immune-modulating peptide phytocytokines recognized PRRs, which leads defense responses termed pattern-triggered (PTI) (Boller Felix, 2009; Yu et al, 2017; Zipfel, 2021). PRRs described date receptor kinases (RKs) (RPs) (Boutrot Albert 2020). RKs domain structure reminiscent metazoan tyrosine (RTKs) (DeFalco 2021); namely, ligand-binding (ECD), single-span transmembrane helix (TM) cytosolic protein kinase (Jamieson 2018), while RPs lack instead form functional bipartite adapter (Liebrand 2013; 2015; Postma 2016). Because architecture, plasma membrane (PM)-localized (or complexes) allow ligand binding be communicated across into events. nature varies, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, can derived from either pathogen herbivore (e.g., PAMPs, HAMPs) host plant, case macromolecules released upon damage (DAMPs) secreted (Gust 2017). PRR ECDs variety subdomains, (LRR), epidermal growth factor-like (EGF), lectin, lysin motif (LysM) domains best-studied to-date LRR-RKs FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) EF-TU RECEPTOR (EFR), bacterial PAMPs flg22 elf18, respectively (Gómez-Gómez Boller, 2000; Both FLS2 EFR stable ligand-dependent complexes LRR-RK co-receptors SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS KINASE (SERK) family, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED 1 (BAK1, also called SERK3) (Chinchilla 2007; Heese Roux 2011). Complex formation between phosphorylation events within activation receptor-like (RLCKs), directly phosphorylate regulate target order activate PTI (Liang Zhou, 2018; 2021) (Fig 1A). Figure 1. ETI induce residing at PM. They originating microbes, viruses, herbivores, parasitic damaged cells. turn, RLCKs activated downstream release few minutes after facet. Microbes introduce effector cells disturb overcome responses. Cytoplasmic NLRs sense presence ETI. To end, autoinhibition released, ADP changed ATP oligomerization occurs, leading finally (A). significant increase been reported occur Arabidopsis leaves starting 1.5 h peaking about infection avirulent bacteria (B). Schematic signatures plants induced Grant al (2000) RK: kinase; co-RK: coreceptor RP: protein; RLCK: like NLR: receptor; CC: coiled-coil; TIR: toll/interleukin-related; CNLs: CC-NLRs; TNLs: TIR-NLRs; RNLs: RPW8-NRLs; NBS: nucleotide site; LRR: repeats; PTI: immunity; ETI: c[Ca2+]: free concentration. Download figure PowerPoint Pathogens cytoplasm promote pathogenicity, often disturbing counteract this, rely NLR-type and/or activity, (ETI). Interestingly, share architecture those animals, featuring conserved (NBD) LRR domain, variable accessory N C termini (DeYoung Innes, 2006; Jones 2016; Baggs van Wersch categorized based N-terminal domains: coiled-coil (CC)-NLRs (CNLs), toll/interleukin-related (TIR)-NLRs (TNLs), RPW8-NLRs (RNLs). Of NLRs, CNLs TNLs sensors RNLs helpers (Baggs Wu Jubic 2019; Feehan present an inactive state, likely autoinhibitory, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) bound NBD (Williams 2011; Bernoux Upon activation, exchanged triphosphate (ATP) NLR via large multimeric structures (Danot 2009). similar mechanism hypothesized but only recently corroborated structural data discussed detail below. have traditionally viewed independent pathways; however, least some components shared layers (Thomma Activation triggers numerous overlapping events, fluxes, production reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated (MAPK) cascades, transcriptional reprogramming, phytohormone biosynthesis (Cui Zhou Zhang, 2020; generally accompanied programmed death hypersensitive (HR) site 2006), although HR-like forms (Wang Recent further demonstrated linked levels (Ngou 2021; Pruitt Tian Yuan exact mechanisms governing linkage pathways remains elucidated fully. As changes intracelluar well documented thought (Seybold 2014; Moeder 2019). universal (Clapham, 2007). Owing its cytotoxicity, must maintained low (~10−8 10−7 M) living cells, thus sequestered stores (in primarily vacuole endoplasmatic reticulum, vesicular compartments, chloroplasts mitochondria) apoplast active transport, generating enormous electrochemical gradients membranes Edel Costa 2018). Ca2+-permeable channels therefore generate rapid, transient increases concentrations, turn interpreted suite cellular processes 2010). summarized three steps: encoding (via stimulus-triggered fluxes), decoding proteins), regulation processes). involved all aspects life, regulation, development, abiotic stress responses, reproduction (Kudla establishment beneficial plant-microbe interactions (Tian review, focus how encoded PM during signaling. influx oxidative burst (Doke, 1983, 1985; Apostol 1989; Keppler 1989) were among elicitor treatment (Atkinson 1996; Levine Zimmermann 1997; Lecourieux 2002). ROS was eventually attributed PM-localized NADPH oxidases RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE (RBOH) family (Torres 2002); model thaliana (hereafter, Arabidopsis), single member, RBOHD, responsible (Nühse Zhang contrast, channel(s) remained comparably elusive many years 2014). Cytosolic evoked various measured culture using radioisotopes, Ca2+-sensitive dyes, electrophysiological approaches Gelli 1997). development genetically indicators (GECIs) greatly expanded possibilities real-time, kinetic analysis fluxes intact tissues treatment. GECI deployed aequorin (AEQ) Aequoria victoria (Knight 1991), holo-enzyme cofactor coelenterazine emits Ca2+-binding. When challenged virulent strains bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, expressing AEQ showed signal peak ~10 min. second, stronger, persistent seen 1.5–2 avirulent, ETI-activating P. syringae (Grant Kang 2010; Hung kinetics early elevation triggered (Blume 2002) biphasic ETI-inducing suggested may distinct 1B). Subsequent analyses AEQ-expressing shown elicitors, phytocytokines, sufficient elicit rapid (Ranf 2008, Vadassery Krol Such requires components, RLCK-VII/ AVRPPHB SUSCEPTIBLE (PBS1)-LIKE (PBL) members BOTRYTIS-INDUCED (BIK1) PBL1 (Li Ranf Monaghan 2015). More recently, deployment fluorescent GECIs allowed elicitor-induced level. include ratiometric yellow cameleons) intensiometric GCaMPs GECOs) (Grenzi 2021b; Waadt Flourescent utilized show oscillatory single-cell level (Thor Peiter, Keinath 2015) roots application laser ablation-induced lead transients (Keinath Marhavý Ca2+—tightly messengers There extensive interplay (Gilroy 2016); initial PTI-related mildly reduced oxidase inhibitor DPI catalase, there no effect longer-term, 2000). Similarly, rbohd mutants slight, quantitative defect elicitor-triggered when seedlings severely attenuated channel blockers Elicitor RBOHD BIK1 (Kadota Li 2014), suggesting complex relationship wherein, perception, PRR-mediated primes subsequent 2). not activates EF-hand indirectly Ca2+-regulated kinase-mediated (Ogasawara 2008; Dubiella 2013). CALCIUM DEPENDENT PROTEIN 5 (CPK5) sites (Dubiella Kadota While residues strictly required PTI-induced bursts 2007), individual contribution other impact certain uncovered. 2. tightly interconnected PTI, signals. NADPH-oxidase EF-hands, terminus (indicated grey arrows targeting p-sites). addition, thereby black Reactive perceived cysteine pairs RK HPCA1/CARD1. This H2O2 Arabidopsis, pathway HPCA1 known. AEQ-based screen impaired H2O2-induced identified LRR-RK, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE INDUCED INCREASE (HPCA1), putative (Wu 2020a). independently CANNOT RESPOND TO DMBQ (CARD1), loss quinone compound 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ), regulates HPCA1/CARD1-dependent (Laohavisit regulated HPCA1/CARD1, role regulating sensor(s) unclear. AEQ-measured calcium cngc2 cngc4 2019), perception. Shaping efflux generated coordinated action transporters involve (Spalding Harper, Resentini possess major families mediate out cytosol: Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs), autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs) ER (Geisler Shigaki Hirschi, García Bossi ACA relieved Ca2+/CaM-binding, allows feedback ACA8 homolog ACA10 interactors FLS2, aca8 aca10 displayed defects flg22-induced compromised resistance (Frei dit Frey 2012), disturbed stomatal closure PAMP (Yang 2017), shapes PTI. Two tonoplast-localized ACAs, ACA4 ACA11, implicated aca4 aca11 display autoimmune phenotypes spontaneous (Boursiac Although wildtype total content 2010), revealed basal elevated (Hilleary Elicitor-induced peaks 3), rescued mis-localization ACAs tonoplast 2020), indicating critical maintain homeostasis modulate 3. Disturbance machinery impairs (CAX) Ca2+-ATPase reside establish concentrations termination export vacuolar lumen mutants, consequently phenotype lines, slower onset signal, higher concentration retarded reduction Hilleary (2020) (C). Plasma membrane-localized Extensive require PM-localized, Gd3+ La3+ abolishes 2002; Kwaaitaal Maintz studies clearly implicate signaling, hidden. started decipher defense-related roles several classes begun Below, immunity-related candidates phylogenetic groups rather than following chronological identification strict PTI/ETI dichotomy. CNGCs—from strong One tetrameric cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNGCs) (Köhler Neuhaus, 1998). CNGCs comprise gene 20 Arabidopsis) (Mäser 2001) named topology organization, mammalian (CNG) hyperpolarization-activated nucleotide-modulated (HCN) (Kaupp Seifert, Matulef Zagotta, 2003). Individual six helices termini, (CNBD) located CNGC (Kaplan previous reports indicated CNBDs bind nucleotides (Baxter 2008), cAMP cGMP (Leng Gao 2014, Meena it unclear whether bona fide agonists planta. Furthermore, existence guanylate adenylate cyclases (GCs ACs) proteomes still under debate will here. Indeed, suggest multiple RKs, GC (Qi Turek Irving, 2021), determined vitro activities GCs position argues physiological relevance (Ashton, Bojar Nevertheless, over past decades Ca2+-permeable, non-selective cation (Jarratt-Barnham calmodulin (CaM), CaM-binding (CaMBDs) found examined (Arazi 1999; Köhler Hua 2003; Fischer 2013, 2016a) isoforms 2016a). Ca2+/CaM 2016b) Ca2+-independent IQ CaMBD C-terminal end essential 2016a; Pan additional Ca2+-dependent CaMBDs providing negative (feedback) divided four subfamilies phylogeny, group IV IVa IVb 2001). members, CNGC2 CNGC4, isolated defense, (dnd) lesion mimic (hlm) dnd1 dnd2/hlm1 (null (Clough Balagué Jurkowski 2004). dnd initially defective induction HR, able carry (Yu These phenotypic defects, dwarf morphology, delayed flowering, salicylic acid (SA), death, dis-regulated auxin Chan 2004; Chin Chakraborty keeping immune-related dnd1/cngc2 mediator molecule nitric oxide (NO) compared WT lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Ali same study used pharmacological inhibitors CaM, NO synthase (NOS)-type process. Given mammalian-type NOS enzymes land (Santolini 2017) myriad functions CaM results however cautiously. reporter lines full (Ma 2012). convergence (Couto Bjornson specificity achieved. virus-induced silencing (VIGS) tomato flg22, positively (Saand Recently, loss-of-function each forward genetic exhibited syringae. Remarkably, dependent high media, indistinguishable plants. bik1, do conditional Detailed characterization heterologously expressed Xenopus laevis oocytes subunits inactive, CNGC2-CNGC4 heteromers produce currents wherein together (Chin inhibited CaM; experiments CNGC4 partially 2019) 4A). highlights subject, phosphorylation, and, potentially, 4. fulfil homo- heterotertramers homotetramers heterotetramers cytosol. Ca2+-bound Calmodulin (CAM) inhibits loop. initiation phosphorylates CAM-mediated inhibition rice, RLCK185 OsCNGC9. If OsCNGC9 containing tetramer homomeric heteromeric known resolved pathways. CNGC19 CNGC20 PM, phosphorylated BAK1, initiates degradation channels. bak1/bkk1 coRK accumulation CNGC19/CNGC20 influx, ultimately causing death. media (Chan 2013),

Язык: Английский

---

Aegilops sharonensis genome-assisted identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr62

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Abstract The wild relatives and progenitors of wheat have been widely used as sources disease resistance ( R ) genes. Molecular identification characterization these genes facilitates their manipulation tracking in breeding programmes. Here, we develop a reference-quality genome assembly the diploid relative Aegilops sharonensis use positional mapping, mutagenesis, RNA-Seq transgenesis to identify stem rust gene Sr62 , which has also transferred common wheat. This encodes tandem kinase, homologues exist across multiple taxa plant kingdom. Stable transgenic lines show high levels against diverse isolates pathogen, highlighting utility for deployment part polygenic stack maximize durability resistance.

Язык: Английский

---

Identifying plant genes shaping microbiota composition in the barley rhizosphere

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2022

A prerequisite to exploiting soil microbes for sustainable crop production is the identification of plant genes shaping microbiota composition in rhizosphere, interface between roots and soil. Here, we use metagenomics information as an external quantitative phenotype map host genetic determinants rhizosphere wild domesticated genotypes barley, fourth most cultivated cereal globally. We identify a small number loci with major effect on communities. One those, designated QRMC-3HS, emerges determinant composition. subject soil-grown sibling lines harbouring contrasting alleles at QRMC-3HS hosting microbiotas comparative root RNA-seq profiling. This allows us three primary candidate genes, including Nucleotide-Binding-Leucine-Rich-Repeat (NLR) gene region structural variation barley genome. Our results provide insights into footprint improvement plant's capacity microbes.

Язык: Английский

---

A tripartite rheostat controls self-regulated host plant resistance to insects

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 618(7966), С. 799 - 807

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

Plants deploy receptor-like kinases and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors to confer host plant resistance (HPR) herbivores1. These gene-for-gene interactions between insects their hosts have been proposed for more than 50 years2. However, the molecular cellular mechanisms that underlie HPR elusive, as identity sensing of insect avirulence effectors remained unknown. Here we identify an salivary protein perceived by a immune receptor. The BPH14-interacting (BISP) from brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is secreted into rice (Oryza sativa) during feeding. In susceptible plants, BISP targets O. satvia RLCK185 (OsRLCK185; hereafter Os used denote satvia-related proteins or genes) suppress basal defences. resistant receptor BPH14 directly binds activate HPR. Constitutive activation Bph14-mediated immunity detrimental growth productivity. fine-tuning achieved through direct binding selective autophagy cargo OsNBR1, which delivers OsATG8 degradation. Autophagy therefore controls levels. Bph14 restores homeostasis downregulating when feeding planthoppers ceases. We saliva sensed discover three-way interaction system offers opportunities developing high-yield, insect-resistant crops.

Язык: Английский

---

Join the green team: Inducers of plant immunity in the plant disease sustainable control toolbox

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Crops are constantly attacked by various pathogens. These pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, threaten global food security causing detrimental crop diseases that generate tremendous quality yield losses worldwide. Chemical pesticides have undoubtedly reduced damage; however, in addition to increasing the cost of agricultural production, extensive use chemical comes with environmental social costs. Therefore, it is necessary vigorously develop sustainable disease prevention control strategies promote transition from traditional modern green technologies. Plants possess sophisticated efficient defense mechanisms against a wide range pathogens naturally. Immune induction technology based on plant immunity inducers can prime greatly decrease occurrence severity diseases. Reducing agrochemicals an effective way minimize pollution safety.

Язык: Английский

---

A molecular roadmap to the plant immune system

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 295(44), С. 14916 - 14935

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2020

Plant diseases caused by pathogens and pests are a constant threat to global food security. Direct crop losses the measures used control disease (e.g. application of pesticides) have significant agricultural, economic, societal impacts. Therefore, it is essential that we understand molecular mechanisms plant immune system, system allows plants resist attack from wide variety organisms ranging viruses insects. Here, provide roadmap immunity, with focus on cell-surface intracellular receptors. We describe how these receptors perceive signatures initiate pathways. merge existing concepts new insights gained recent breakthroughs structure function receptors, which generated shift in our understanding immunity interplay between two. Finally, use current as context discuss potential engineering aim bolstering defenses against disease. Plants suffer Their ability respond infection microbial for survival. In agriculture, leads loss yield can devastating effects both subsistence/small-holder industrialized farming (1Savary S. Willocquet L. Pethybridge S.J. Esker P. McRoberts N. Nelson A. The burden major crops.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2019; 3 (30718852): 430-43910.1038/s41559-018-0793-yCrossref PubMed Scopus (319) Google Scholar, 2Bebber D.P. Gurr Crop-destroying fungal oomycete challenge security.Fungal Genet. Biol. 2015; 74 (25459533): 62-6410.1016/j.fgb.2014.10.012Crossref 3Fisher M.C. Henk D.A. Briggs C.J. Brownstein J.S. Madoff L.C. McCraw S.L. Emerging threats animal, ecosystem health.Nature. 2012; 484 (22498624): 186-19410.1038/nature10947Crossref (1534) Scholar), subsequent impact supply chains prices. also shaped world, perhaps best-known example being Irish potato famine mid-1800s, where late blight (caused filamentous pathogen Phytophthora infestans) contributed mass emigration Ireland (4Turner R.S. After famine: pathology, infestans, potatoes, 1845–1960.Hist. Stud. Phys. Sci. 2005; 35: 341-37010.1525/hsps.2005.35.2.341Crossref (25) Scholar). As rich source nutrients, target pests, including viruses, bacteria, (fungi oomycetes), nematodes, insects complete their life cycle (5Dean R. Van Kan J.A. Pretorius Z.A. Hammond-Kosack K.E. Di Pietro Spanu P.D. Rudd J.J. Dickman M. Kahmann Ellis J. Foster G.D. Top 10 pathology.Mol. Pathol. 13 (22471698): 414-43010.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.xCrossref (1475) 6Kamoun Furzer O. Jones J.D. Judelson H.S. Ali G.S. Dalio R.J. Roy S.G. Schena Zambounis Panabières F. Cahill D. Ruocco Figueiredo Chen X.R. Hulvey et al.The 16 (25178392): 413-43410.1111/mpp.12190Crossref (329) 7Mansfield Genin Magori Citovsky V. Sriariyanum Ronald Dow Verdier Beer S.V. Machado M.A. Toth I. Salmond G. pathogenic bacteria Plant. (22672649): 614-62910.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00804.xCrossref (818) 8Scholthof K.B. Adkins Czosnek H. Palukaitis Jacquot E. Hohn T. B. Saunders K. Candresse Ahlquist Hemenway C. 2011; 12 (22017770): 938-95410.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00752.xCrossref (0) Estimates pre-harvest crops due vary, but at least 30% agricultural production claimed annually This increase 100% localized outbreaks represents contributor insecurity. largely controlled chemicals, this unsustainable long-term environmental concerns necessity rethink practices more generally light climate emergency. Genetic forms resistance offer environmentally friendly, low-input, sustainable agriculture (9van Esse H.P. Reuber T.L. van der Does modification improve crops.New Phytol. 2020; 225 (31135961): 70-8610.1111/nph.15967Crossref (11) Over last 25 years, remarkable progress has been made basis mechanisms. encoded or “R” genes cloned characterized shown be genetic phenotypes breeders >100 years. Recent studies extended knowledge reveal first into structural receptor (10Liu Liu Z. Song Hu Y. Han She Fan Wang Jin Chang Zhou J.-M. Chai Chitin-induced dimerization activates receptor.Science. 336 (22654057): 1160-116410.1126/science.1218867Crossref (340) 11Maqbool Saitoh Franceschetti Stevenson C.E.M. Uemura Kanzaki Kamoun Terauchi Banfield M.J. Structural recognition an integrated HMA domain NLR receptor.Elife. 4 (26304198): e0870910.7554/eLife.08709Crossref (111) 12Sun Li Macho A.P. Zipfel Basis flg22-induced activation Arabidopsis FLS2-BAK1 complex.Science. 2013; 342 (24114786): 624-62810.1126/science.1243825Crossref (370) 13Tang Sun Zhang Gong X. endogenous peptide kinase PEPR1.Cell Res. (25475059): 110-12010.1038/cr.2014.161Crossref (93) 14Wang Qi H.-W. Reconstitution resistosome conferring immunity.Science. 364: eaav587010.1126/science.aav5870Crossref (152) 15Wang Wu Gao Ligand-triggered allosteric ADP release primes eaav586810.1126/science.aav5868Crossref (109) 16Williams Sohn K.H. Wan Bernoux Sarris P.F. Segonzac Ve Ma Saucet S.B. Ericsson D.J. Casey L.W. Lonhienne Winzor Coerdt al.Structural assembly heterodimeric 2014; 344 (24744375): 299-30310.1126/science.1247357Crossref (191) 17Zhang Z.-M. K.-W. Schwizer W. Mechanism host substrate acetylation YopJ family effector.Nat. Plants. 2017; (28737762): 1711510.1038/nplants.2017.115Crossref (14) 18Hao Collier S.M. Moffett interaction virus X protein (Rx) its cofactor Ran GTPase-activating 2 (RanGAP2).J. Chem. 288 (24194517): 35868-3587610.1074/jbc.M113.517417Abstract Full Text PDF 19Hohmann U. Hothorn Crystal leucine-rich repeat ectodomain SOBIR1.Acta Crystallogr. D Struct. 75 (31063151): 488-49710.1107/S2059798319005291Crossref (3) shares similarities innate animals (20Bentham Burdett Anderson P.A. Williams Kobe Animal NLRs function.Ann. Bot. 2016; 119 (27562749): 698-70210.1093/aob/mcw171Google 21Jones J.D.G. Vance R.E. Dangl J.L. Intracellular surveillance devices animals.Science. 354 (27934708): aaf639510.1126/science.aaf6395Crossref (342) 22Meunier Broz Evolutionary convergence divergence structure.Trends Immunol. 38 (28579324): 744-75710.1016/j.it.2017.04.005Abstract (47) But lack adaptive they rely solely recognize pests. Conceptually, divided (23Wang Feng Tang signaling: advancing two frontiers.J. Integr. 62 (31846204): 2-2410.1111/jipb.12898Crossref (41) A full list structurally associated ligands found Table 1. Cell-surface detect common outside cell via extracellular domains (ECDs) cellular responses (KDs) (39Kanyuka Cell surface receptors: guardians plant's spaces.Curr. Opin. 50 (30861483): 1-810.1016/j.pbi.2019.02.005Crossref (7) subset sense damaged “self” surrogate presence (15Wang adapted (40van Wersch Tian Hoy NLRs: whistleblowers immunity.Plant Commun. 1: 10001610.1016/j.xplc.2019.100016Abstract Typically, translocated proteins known “effectors,” delivered inside cells modulate physiology promote colonization proliferation (41Snelders N.C. Rovenich Petti G.C. Rocafort Vorholt Mesters J.R. Seidl M.F. Nijland Thomma B.P.H.J. utilizes effector microbiome manipulation.bioRxiv. 10.1101/2020.01.30.926725Google 42Varden F.A. De la Concepcion J.C. Maidment J.H.R. Taking stage: effectors spotlight.Curr. (28460241): 25-3310.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.013Crossref (21) Scholar) (Fig. 1). Activation considered robust response death constrains spread infection. Although often presented distinct signaling pathways, pathways overlap work synergistically recently begun emerge (43Ngou B.P.M. Ahn H.-K. Ding Mutual potentiation receptors.bioRxiv. 10.1101/2020.04.10.034173Google 44Yuan Jiang Bi Nomura He S.Y. Xin X.-F. Pattern-recognition required NLR-mediated immunity.bioRxiv. 10.1101/2020.04.10.031294Google Scholar).Table 1Structures covered reviewReceptorType: Cell-surfacePlant hostLigandLigand typeCo-receptorPDB codeReferencesFLS2LRR-RLKArabidopsis thalianaflg22MAMPBAK14MN812Sun ScholarPEPR1LRR-RLKA. thalianaAtpepDAMPBAK15GR813Tang ScholarCERK1LysM-RLKA. thalianaPGNMAMPLYM3/14EBY10Liu ScholarSOBIR1LRR-RLKA. thalianaNAaNA, not applicable.NALRR-RLP, BAK16R1H19Hohmann ScholarBIR3PseudokinaseA. thalianaNANABRI1/S.E.RK16FG824Hohmann Nicolet Moretti L.A. SERK3 elongated allele defines role BIR ectodomains brassinosteroid signalling.Nat. 2018; (29735985): 345-35110.1038/s41477-018-0150-9Crossref (20) ScholarBIK1RLCKA. thalianaNANABAK1, FLS25TOS25Lal N.K. Nagalakshmi Hurlburt Flores Bak Sone Walley Shan Casteel Fisher A.J. Dinesh-Kumar S.P. receptor-like cytoplasmic BIK1 localizes nucleus regulates defense hormone expression during immunity.Cell Host Microbe. 23 (29649442): 485-497.e510.1016/j.chom.2018.03.010Abstract (37) ScholarCEBiPLysM-RLPOryza sativaChitinMAMPOsCERK15JCD, 5JCE26Liu Molecular mechanism wall rice chitin OsCEBiP.Structure. 24 (27238968): 1192-120010.1016/j.str.2016.04.014Abstract (38) ScholarReceptorType: IntracellularPlant hostLigand(s)Ligand codeReferencesMLA10 CCCC-NLRHordeum vulgareNANANA3QFL, 5T1Y27Maekawa Cheng Spiridon L.N. Töller Lukasik Saijo Shen Q.H. Micluta Somssich I.E. Takken F.L.W. Petrescu Schulze-Lefert Coiled-coil domain-dependent homodimerization barley minimal functional module triggering death.Cell 9 (21402358): 187-19910.1016/j.chom.2011.02.008Abstract (187) 28Casey Lavrencic Bentham A.R. Cesari Croll Turk Mark A.E. Dodds P.N. Mobli CC wheat stem rust Sr33 challenges paradigms proteins.Proc. Natl. Acad. 113 (27791121): 12856-1286110.1073/pnas.1609922113Crossref ScholarPikp-1 HMACC-NLRO. sativaAVR-PikD, AVR-PikE, AVR-PikA, AVR-PiaMAX effectorPikp-25A6W, 5A6P, 6G11, 6G10, 6Q7611Maqbool 29De Maqbool Polymorphic residues expand binding blast pathogen.Nat. (29988155): 576-58510.1038/s41477-018-0194-xCrossref (32) 30Varden Yoshino Cross-reactivity Magnaporthe oryzae provides partial resistance.J. 294 (31296569): 13006-1301610.1074/jbc.ra119.007730Abstract ScholarPikm-1 sativaAVR-PikE, AVR-PikDMAX effectorPikm-26FUB, 6FUD, 6FU929De ScholarPia sativaAvr1-CO39MAX effectorRGA45ZNG, 5ZNE31Guo de Guillen Chalvon Mammri Meusnier Bonnot Padilla Peng Y.-L. Kroj Specific MAX involves surfaces.Proc. 115 (30355769): 11637-1164210.1073/pnas.1810705115Crossref (19) ScholarRRS1 WRKYTIR-NLRA. thalianaPopP2T3SERPS45W3X17Zhang ScholarZAR1CC-NLRA. thalianaAvr-ACT3SERKS16J5T, 6J6I, 6J5W, 6J5V14Wang ScholarRPS4 TIRTIR-NLRA. thalianaNANARRS14C6T, 4C6R,16Williams thalianaNANARPS44C6T,4C6S16Williams ScholarSNC1 thalianaNANANA5TEC32Zhang Newman T.E. Raaymakers T.M. T.I. Schreiber K.J. Staskawicz B.J. al.Multiple self-association interfaces TIR domains.Proc. 114 (28159890): E2046-E205210.1073/pnas.1621248114Crossref thalianaNANANA5H3C33Hyun K-G. Lee Yoon Yi J.-J. thaliana SNC1 domain.Biochem. Biophys. 481 (27818198): 146-15210.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.004Crossref ScholarSr33 CCCC-NLRAegilops tauschiiNANANA2NCG28Casey ScholarRPP1 thalianaNANANA5TEB32Zhang ScholarNRC1 NB-ARCTIR-NLRSolanum lycopersicumNANANA6S2P34Steele J.F.C. Hughes R.K. biochemical NB-ARC receptor.PLoS ONE. 14 (31461469): e022122610.1371/journal.pone.0221226Crossref ScholarRUN1 TIRTIR-NLRVitis rotundifoliaNANANA60OW35Horsefield Manik M.K. Shi Gilley Lai J.-S. Rank M.X. Gu Foley R.O. al.NAD+ cleavage activity animal pathways.Science. 365 (31439792): 793-79910.1126/science.aax1911Crossref (81) ScholarRx CCCC-NLRSolanum tuberosumNANARanGAP24M7018Hao ScholarRPV1 rotundifoliaNANANA5KU736Williams YIn Outram Lu Boden Dry Structure grape RPV1.Front. 7 (28008335): 185010.3389/fpls.2016.01850Crossref (24) ScholarL6 TIRTIR-NLRLinum usitatissimummNANANA3OZI37Bernoux Warren Hatters Valkov J.G. analysis reveals self-association, signaling, autoregulation.Cell (21402359): 200-21110.1016/j.chom.2011.02.009Abstract (206) ScholarPtoKinaseSolanum pimpinellifoliumAvrPtoBT3SEPrf3HGK38Dong Xiao Cang Martin G.B. complex Pseudomonas AvrPtoB tomato Pto shared unique interface compared AvrPto-Pto.Plant Cell. 2009; 21 (19509331): 1846-185910.1105/tpc.109.066878Crossref (61) Scholara NA, applicable. Open table tab There many excellent reviews covering subversion published over ∼15 years (21Jones 39Kanyuka 45Jones system.Nature. 2006; 444 (17108957): 323-32910.1038/nature05286Crossref (6865) 46Chisholm S.T. Coaker Day Host-microbe interactions: shaping evolution response.Cell. 124 (16497589): 803-81410.1016/j.cell.2006.02.008Abstract (1837) 47Takken Albrecht Tameling W.I.L. Resistance proteins: switches defence.Curr. (16713729): 383-39010.1016/j.pbi.2006.05.009Crossref (277) 48Takken Goverse How build detector: NB-LRR function.Curr. 15 (22658703): 375-38410.1016/j.pbi.2012.05.001Crossref (163) 49Wirthmueller On front line: plant-pathogen interactions.Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11 (24100360): 761-77610.1038/nrmicro3118Crossref (64) 50Schellenberger Touchard Clément Baillieul Cordelier Crouzet Dorey Apoplastic invasion patterns immunity: plasma membrane sensing frontline.Mol. 20 (31353775): 1602-161610.1111/mpp.12857Crossref 51Kourelis Hoorn R.A.L. Defended nines: gene cloning identifies nine R function.Plant 30 (29382771): 285-29910.1105/tpc.17.00579Crossref 52Tamborski Krasileva K.V. Evolution natural history precise modifications.Annu. 71 (32092278): 355-37810.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035901Crossref (2) 53Hogenhout S.A. biology plant-associated organisms.Mol. Microbe Interact. 22 (19132864): 115-12210.1094/MPMI-22-2-0115Crossref (434) part JBC “Plants Real World” thematic series, up-to-date overview general mechanisms, level. detail perception translated response. review summarizes before providing in-depth analyses greatly expanded function. knowledge, could engineered deliver novel properties benefit To best pathogens/pests must promoting virulence. broadest definition, molecules diverse array (including microbes, plants, animals) another organism. review, term “effectors” define secreted hosts (53Hogenhout These space deployed cells. Effector exist large repertoires within genomes. They among most rapidly evolving display high rates nonsynonymous synonymous mutations (54Dong Raffaele two-speed genomes pathogens: waltz plants.Curr. Dev. 35 (26451981): 57-6510.1016/j.gde.2015.09.001Crossref 55Raffaele Farrer R.A. Cano L.M. Studholme MacLean Thines R.H. Zody Kunjeti Donofrio N.M. Meyers B.C. Nusbaum Genome following jumps lineage.Science. 2010; 330 (21148391): 1540-154310.1126/science.1193070Crossref Selection evasion driver adaptation, along selection favorable alleles give fitness (56Allen R.L. Bittner-Eddy Grenville-Briggs L.J. Meitz Rehmany Rose L.E. Beynon Host-parasite coevolutionary conflict downy mildew.Science. 2004; 306 (15591208): 1957-196010.1126/science.1104022Crossref (334) Due sequence diversity, frequently challenging identify pathogen/pest proteomes, although bioinformatic tools establish putative catalogues (57Sperschneider Machine

Язык: Английский

---

Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance and Perspectives on Breeding Strategies for Resistance Improvement in Crops

Molecular Plant, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 13(10), С. 1402 - 1419

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Fine-Tuning Immunity: Players and Regulators for Plant NLRs

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(7), С. 695 - 713

Опубликована: Март 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

---