Toward transparent taxonomy: an interactive web‐tool for evaluating competing taxonomic arrangements

Cladistics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 40(2), С. 181 - 191

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Abstract Informative and consistent taxonomy above the species level is essential to communication about evolution, biodiversity conservation, yet practice of considered opaque subjective by non‐taxonomist scientists public alike. While various proposals have tried make basis for ranking inclusiveness taxa more transparent objective, widespread adoption these ideas has lagged. Here, we present TaxonomR, an interactive online decision‐support tool evaluate alternative taxonomic classifications. This implements approach that quantifies criteria commonly used in treatments allows user interactively manipulate weightings different compare scores groupings under those weights. We use butterfly taxon Argynnis demonstrate how applied common result fundamentally genus‐level classifications are predominantly continents geographic regions. These differences objectively compared quantified using TaxonomR kinds been emphasized earlier classifications, nature support current arrangements. The main role decisions via explicit prioritization scheme. not a prescriptive application. Rather, it aims be facilitating our understanding can, turn, potentially global harmony assessments through evidence‐based discussion community‐wide resolution historically entrenched tensions.

Язык: Английский

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A new species of silverline butterfly, Cigaritis Donzel, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India

Zootaxa, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5399(1), С. 85 - 95

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

A new species, Cigaritis conjuncta sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), is described based on five male and four female specimens from Honey Valley, Kodagu District, Karnataka, which part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. distinguished all other congeners in India Sri Lanka following combination diagnostic characters male: (a) dorsal forewing outer half, costal margin nearly upper half cell black without orange markings, remaining wing shining deep blue, (b) hindwing tornus pale orange-red with two spots, (c) ventral bands at end discal conjoined, (e) subbasal composed spots that are not separated but conjoined to form broad have irregular outlines, leaving only a narrow background colour between. Female similar side, entirely dark brown above. Male genitalia dissected figured for paratypes each sex, natural history notes species provided.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of novel mimicry polymorphisms through Haldane’s sieve and rare recombination

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024

Abstract Origins of phenotypic novelty represent a paradox. Maintenance distinct, canalized morphs usually requires complex array polymorphisms, whose co-retention genetic architecture resistant to recombination, involving inversions and master regulators. Here, we reveal how such constraining can still accommodate novel in evolving polymorphisms using the classic polymorphic Batesian mimicry Papilio polytes , supergene-like is maintained large inversion. We show that rapidly alleles conserved gene, doublesex within this inversion underlie basis polymorphism. Using precisely dated phylogeny breeding experiments, adaptive mimetic underlying evolved sequentially dominant manner, undergoing selective sweeps species as predicted under Haldane’s sieve. Furthermore, discovered forms share precise breakpoints, allowing rare exon swaps between universally recessive allele produce novel, persistent intermediate phenotype, ultimately facilitating acquisition novelty. Thus, dominance, sweeps, rapid molecular divergence, recombination promote iconic polymorphism, resolving paradox arising even highly constrained architectures.

Язык: Английский

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Identification and in vivo functional analysis of furanocoumarin-responsive cytochrome P450s in a Rutaceae-feeding Papilio butterfly

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 227(16)

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2024

The Order Lepidoptera contains nearly 160,000 described species and most of them are specialist herbivores that use restricted plant as hosts. Speciation originated from host shift is one the important factors for diversification Lepidoptera. Because plants prepare secondary metabolites defense against herbivores, with varying profiles components among different taxa, need to be adapted toxic substances unique their plants. Swallowtail butterflies genus Papilio consist over 200 species. Approximately 80% utilize Rutaceae plants, remaining species, a specific subgroup uses phylogenetically distant Apiaceae larval commonly contain metabolites, furanocoumarins, molecular phylogenetic studies support concept feeders were derived feeders. Molecular mechanisms underlying furanocoumarin tolerance in have been investigated almost exclusively an feeder by vitro assay. In contrast, there little information regarding Here, we focused on feeder, xuthus, identified two furanocoumarin-responsive cytochrome P450-6B (CYP6B) genes, which was ortholog furanocoumarin-metabolizing enzyme Apiaceae-feeding while other previously unreported. We further conducted vivo functional analysis using CRISPR/Cas9 system, revealing contribution these CYP6Bs P. xuthus larvae. Our findings suggest co-option CYP6B enzymes at least partially contributed butterflies.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of novel mimicry polymorphisms through Haldane’s sieve and rare recombination

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024

Origins of phenotypic novelty represent a paradox. Maintenance distinct, canalized morphs usually requires complex array polymorphisms, whose co-retention genetic architecture resistant to recombination, involving inversions and master regulators. Here, we reveal how such constraining can still accommodate novel in evolving polymorphisms using the classic polymorphic Batesian mimicry Papilio polytes , supergene-like is maintained large inversion. We show that rapidly alleles conserved gene, doublesex within this inversion underlie basis polymorphism. Using precisely dated phylogeny breeding experiments, adaptive mimetic underlying evolved sequentially dominant manner, undergoing selective sweeps species as predicted under Haldane’s sieve. Furthermore, discovered forms share precise breakpoints, allowing rare exon swaps between universally recessive allele produce novel, persistent intermediate phenotype, ultimately facilitating acquisition novelty. Thus, dominance, sweeps, rapid molecular divergence, recombination promote iconic polymorphism, resolving paradox arising even highly constrained architectures.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of novel mimicry polymorphisms through Haldane’s sieve and rare recombination

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024

Origins of phenotypic novelty represent a paradox. Maintenance distinct, canalized morphs usually requires complex array polymorphisms, whose co-retention genetic architecture resistant to recombination, involving inversions and master regulators. Here, we reveal how such constraining can still accommodate novel in evolving polymorphisms using the classic polymorphic Batesian mimicry Papilio polytes , supergene-like is maintained large inversion. We show that rapidly alleles conserved gene, doublesex within this inversion underlie basis polymorphism. Using precisely dated phylogeny breeding experiments, adaptive mimetic underlying evolved sequentially dominant manner, undergoing selective sweeps species as predicted under Haldane’s sieve. Furthermore, discovered forms share precise breakpoints, allowing rare exon swaps between universally recessive allele produce novel, persistent intermediate phenotype, ultimately facilitating acquisition novelty. Thus, dominance, sweeps, rapid molecular divergence, recombination promote iconic polymorphism, resolving paradox arising even highly constrained architectures.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic evolution and patterns of horizontal gene transfer in Papilio

Genomics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 116(6), С. 110956 - 110956

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

The Papilio genus, known for its ecological and phenotypic diversity, is a valuable model evolutionary studies. This study conducted comparative genomic analysis of 11 species, revealing species-specific gene family expansions, including the UDP-glucosyltransferase 2 associated with insect detoxification, particularly expanding in polyxenes. Our also revealed 199 horizontal transfer (HGT) acquired genes from 76 microbial Pseudomonadota Bacillota as common HGT donors across these genomes. Furthermore, we examined patterns nine ABC transporter subfamilies, uncovering potential links between evolution environmental adaptation. provides new insights into relationships adaptations within contributing to broader butterfly research.

Язык: Английский

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Spectral variation and pigmentary basis of ornamental and mimetic wing colour patches of swallowtail butterflies

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Abstract Colours and colour patterns are extraordinarily diverse traits that often used as visual signals. To test ecological evolutionary drivers of these signals, a clear understanding their nature variation is necessary. Here we characterise in wing colouration Asian mormon swallowtail butterflies ( Papilio , subgenus Menelaides ). These species exhibit two kinds patches on largely black wings: creamy white/yellow/green presumably sexual ornaments, pure white mimetic Using reflectance spectrophotometry quantified spectral properties background between sexes, surfaces mimicry status. We discovered brightness saturation the were less variable across mimetic/non-mimetic However, contrast higher dorsal than ventral surfaces, was males females. Colour non-mimetic brighter more saturated whole spectrum compared to butterflies. variations relation putative functions suggest that: (a) evolve independently accommodate differential strengths natural selection, (b) ornaments but they also occur all females, indicating mutual selection which stronger males, (c) male female display patches, relatively similar strength selection. Thus, our study characterises an extraordinary signal radiation wings butterflies, model clade ecology, evolution genetics. Finally, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) identified pigment papiliochrome-II be chemical basis presumed swallowtails.

Язык: Английский

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Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of the Leptocircini Species Iphiclides podalirius and I. podalirinus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Diversity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(7), С. 392 - 392

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2024

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two Iphiclides species, namely I. podalirius and podalirinus, were sequenced, assembled, reported in this article. Both comprise 37 genes, with 13 protein-coding 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal (rRNA) genes. gene orders alignments agree the mitogenomes Leptocircini butterflies, while start codon for COX1 podalirinus is CGA instead commonly seen ATN type. Codon preference shows that methionine tryptophan are poorest, arginine, leucine, serine richest. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian Inference both species sister to genus Lamproptera basal all remaining species. Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distances from exceed 5%, demonstrating its solid status. K2P distance between North African feisthamelii exceeds 2%, indicating reasonable elevation full specific level as type locality Algeria. Future research required tackle relationship Iberian more evidence.

Язык: Английский

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Clarifying the phylogeny and systematics of the recalcitrant tribe Leptocircini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) with whole‐genome data

Systematic Entomology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2024

Abstract Leptocircini is a dazzling tribe of Papilionidae, including dragontails, kite swallowtails and swordtails. This widely distributed, notably throughout the tropics Africa, Southeast Asia Americas, making it fascinating model in evolutionary biology. However, despite accounting for 25% global swallowtail butterfly diversity, have been surprisingly neglected phylogenetic analyses. has left unanswered questions about their taxonomy systematics. Here, we present new taxonomic working list Leptocircini, featuring 162 valid species. Using combination long short reads data, produced five reference genomes, generated highly covered scaffolded whole genomes 148 individuals to infer densely sampled hypotheses. Based on mitochondrial or thousands nuclear genes multiple approaches, robust phylogenomic tree recovered, representing approximately 90% known species, which allowed examination several key We found monotypic genus Protographium Munroe be sister Graphium Scopoli. Additionally, that subgenus Paranticopsis Wood‐Mason de Nicéville nested within Pathysa Reakirt, likely attributed an ancient gene flow. therefore synonymize , syn.rest . To keep consistent approach subgeneric classification across family, devided Eurytides Hübner into three subgenera: Mimoides Brown, sensu stricto Protesilaus Swainson. led implications: Asiographium Möhn, ., Boreographium Grishin, syn.n Hyalaus Neographium are synonymized with ( ); Eurygraphium ). Our analyses finally raised concerns potential inflation two species‐groups study illuminates clade's history paves way further research this diverse group charismatic butterflies.

Язык: Английский

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