Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
173, С. 116393 - 116393
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Urinary
extracellular
vesicles
(uEVs)
play
important
roles
in
physiologic
condition
and
various
renal/urological
disorders.
However,
their
kidney
stone
disease
remain
unclear.
This
study
aimed
to
examine
modulatory
effects
of
large
small
uEVs
derived
from
normal
human
urine
on
calcium
oxalate
(CaOx)
crystals
(the
main
component
stones).
After
isolation,
uEVs,
total
urinary
proteins
(TUPs)
with
equal
(protein
equivalent)
concentration
were
added
into
crystal
assays
compare
the
control
(without
or
TUPs).
TUPs
strongly
inhibited
CaOx
crystallization,
growth,
aggregation
crystal-cell
adhesion.
Large
had
lesser
degree
inhibition
against
growth
adhesion,
comparable
compared
TUPs.
Small
inhibitory
as
for
all
these
assays.
slightly
promoted
invasion
through
matrix,
whereas
did
not
affect
this.
Matching
reported
six
datasets
those
modulator
(StoneMod)
database
revealed
that
contained
18
known
modulators
(mainly
inhibitors).
These
findings
suggest
serve
inhibitors
prevent
healthy
individuals
formation.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
transport
secreted
by
living
cells
and
released
into
the
extracellular
environment.
Recent
studies
have
shown
that
EVs
serve
as
"messengers"
in
intercellular
inter-organismal
communication,
both
normal
pathological
processes.
EVs,
natural
nanocarriers,
can
deliver
bioactivators
therapy
with
their
endogenous
properties.
This
review
article
describes
engineering
of
sources,
isolation
method,
cargo
loading,
boosting
approach,
adjustable
targeting
EVs.
Furthermore,
summarizes
recent
progress
made
EV-based
delivery
systems
applications,
including
cancer,
cardiovascular
diseases,
liver,
kidney,
nervous
system
COVID-19
emphasizes
obstacles
challenges
therapies
possible
strategies.
Abstract
Osteoporosis
is
a
widely
observed
condition
characterized
by
the
systemic
deterioration
of
bone
mass
and
microarchitecture,
which
increases
patient
susceptibility
to
fragile
fractures.
The
intricate
mechanisms
governing
homeostasis
are
substantially
impacted
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
play
crucial
roles
in
both
pathological
physiological
contexts.
EVs
derived
from
various
sources
exert
distinct
effects
on
osteoporosis.
Specifically,
released
osteoblasts,
endothelial
cells,
myocytes,
mesenchymal
stem
cells
contribute
formation
due
their
unique
cargo
proteins,
miRNAs,
cytokines.
Conversely,
secreted
osteoclasts
immune
promote
resorption
inhibit
formation.
Furthermore,
use
as
therapeutic
modalities
or
biomaterials
for
diagnosing
managing
osteoporosis
promising.
Here,
we
review
current
understanding
impact
homeostasis,
including
classification
biogenesis
regulatory
present
an
overview
latest
research
progress
treating
using
EVs.
Finally,
discuss
challenges
prospects
translational
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
research
on
Extracellular
Vesicles
(EVs)
has
gained
prominence
in
the
life
sciences
due
to
their
critical
roles
both
health
and
disease
states,
offering
promising
applications
diagnosis,
drug
delivery,
therapy.
However,
inherent
heterogeneity
complex
origins
pose
significant
challenges
preparation,
analysis,
subsequent
clinical
application.
This
review
is
structured
provide
an
overview
of
biogenesis,
composition,
various
sources
EVs,
thereby
laying
groundwork
for
a
detailed
discussion
contemporary
techniques
preparation
analysis.
Particular
focus
given
state‐of‐the‐art
technologies
that
employ
microfluidic
non‐microfluidic
platforms
EV
processing.
Furthermore,
this
discourse
extends
into
innovative
approaches
incorporate
artificial
intelligence
cutting‐edge
electrochemical
sensors,
with
particular
emphasis
single
proposes
current
outlines
prospective
avenues
future
research.
The
objective
motivate
researchers
innovate
expand
methods
analysis
fully
unlocking
biomedical
potential.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
gaining
ground
as
next-generation
drug
delivery
modalities.
Genetic
fusion
of
the
protein
interest
to
a
scaffold
with
high
EV-sorting
ability
represents
robust
cargo
loading
strategy.
To
address
paucity
such
proteins,
we
leverage
simple
and
reliable
assay
that
can
distinguish
intravesicular
proteins
from
surface-
well
non-vesicular
compare
potential
244
candidate
proteins.
We
identify
24
conserved
abilities
across
five
types
producer
cells.
TSPAN2
TSPAN3
emerge
lead
candidates
outperform
well-studied
CD63
scaffold.
Importantly,
these
engineered
EVs
show
promise
vehicles
in
cell
cultures
mice
demonstrated
by
efficient
transfer
luminal
surface
display
different
functional
entities.
The
discovery
scaffolds
provides
platform
for
EV-based
engineering.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
The
disordered
growth,
invasion
and
metastasis
of
cancer
are
mainly
attributed
to
bidirectional
cell-cell
interactions.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
secreted
by
cells
involved
in
orchestrating
the
formation
pre-metastatic
niches
(PMNs).
Tumor-derived
EVs
mediate
communication
between
tumor
stromal
local
distant
microenvironments.
carrying
mRNAs,
small
RNAs,
microRNAs,
DNA
fragments,
proteins
metabolites
determine
metastatic
organotropism,
enhance
angiogenesis,
modulate
stroma
cell
phenotypes,
restructure
extracellular
matrix,
induce
immunosuppression
modify
metabolic
environment
organs.
Evidence
indicates
that
educate
secondary
sites
establish
metastasis-supportive
microenvironments
for
seeding
cells.
In
this
review,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
overview
PMN
underlying
mechanisms
mediated
EVs.
Potential
approaches
inhibit
inhibiting
PMNs
also
presented.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024
Promoting
complete
periodontal
regeneration
of
damaged
tissues,
including
dental
cementum,
ligament,
and
alveolar
bone,
is
one
the
challenges
in
treatment
periodontitis.
Therefore,
it
urgent
to
explore
new
strategies
for
Exosomes
generated
from
stem
cells
are
now
a
promising
alternative
cell
therapy,
with
therapeutic
results
comparable
those
their
blast
cells.
It
has
great
potential
regulating
immune
function,
inflammation,
microbiota,
tissue
shown
good
effects
regeneration.
In
addition,
engineering
combines
exosomes
biomaterial
scaffolds
maximize
advantages
exosomes.
this
article
reviews
progress,
challenges,
prospects
exosome
exosome-loaded
composite
