Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
Biliary
tract
malignancies,
including
intrahepatic
cholangiocarcinoma,
extrahepatic
and
gallbladder
cancer,
represent
a
group
of
aggressive
cancers
with
poor
prognosis
due
to
late-stage
diagnosis,
limited
treatment
options,
resistance
conventional
therapies
like
chemotherapy
radiotherapy.
These
challenges
emphasize
the
urgent
need
for
innovative
therapeutic
approaches.
In
recent
years,
cell-based
have
emerged
as
promising
avenue,
offering
potential
solutions
through
immune
modulation,
genetic
engineering,
targeted
intervention
in
tumor
microenvironment.
This
Mini-review
provides
an
overview
current
advancements
biliary
encompassing
strategies
such
CAR-T
cells,
NK
dendritic
cell
vaccines,
tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes.
We
also
examine
overcome
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
discuss
integration
into
multimodal
regimens.
By
synthesizing
preclinical
clinical
findings,
this
review
highlights
key
insights
future
directions,
aiming
assist
researchers
clinicians
translating
these
approaches
effective
treatments.
The
transformative
discussed
here
makes
valuable
resource
advancing
malignancy
research
applications.
Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(10), С. 1089 - 1108
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
Abstract
In
the
past
decade,
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
therapy
has
emerged
as
a
promising
immunotherapeutic
approach
for
combating
cancers,
demonstrating
remarkable
efficacy
in
relapsed/refractory
hematological
malignancies
both
pediatric
and
adult
patients.
CAR-natural
killer
(CAR-NK)
complements
CAR-T
by
offering
several
distinct
advantages.
CAR-NK
cells
do
not
require
HLA
compatibility
exhibit
low
safety
concerns.
Moreover,
are
conducive
to
“off-the-shelf”
therapeutics,
providing
significant
logistic
advantages
over
cells.
Both
have
shown
consistent
results
malignancies.
However,
their
against
solid
tumors
remains
limited
due
various
obstacles
including
tumor
trafficking
infiltration,
well
an
immuno-suppressive
microenvironment.
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
advances
current
challenges
of
immunotherapies,
with
specific
focus
on
application
tumors.
We
also
analyze
depth
drawbacks
compared
highlight
CAR
optimization.
Finally,
explore
future
perspectives
these
adoptive
highlighting
increasing
contribution
cutting-edge
biotechnological
tools
shaping
next
generation
cellular
immunotherapy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Март 15, 2024
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
-T
cell
therapy
has
achieved
tremendous
efficacy
in
the
treatment
of
hematologic
malignancies
and
represents
a
promising
regimen
for
cancer.
Despite
striking
response
patients
with
malignancies,
most
solid
tumors
treated
CAR-T
cells
have
low
rate
experience
major
adverse
effects,
which
indicates
need
biomarkers
that
can
predict
improve
clinical
outcomes
future
treatments.
Recently,
role
gut
microbiota
cancer
been
established,
growing
evidence
suggested
signatures
may
be
harnessed
to
personally
therapeutic
or
effects
optimizing
therapy.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
understanding
microbiota,
interplay
between
Above
all,
highlight
potential
strategies
challenges
harnessing
as
predictor
modifier
while
attenuating
toxicity.
Hämostaseologie,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
45(01), С. 014 - 023
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Abstract
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
T
cell
therapy
has
revolutionized
cancer
immunotherapy,
particularly
for
hematological
malignancies.
This
personalized
approach
is
based
on
genetically
engineering
cells
derived
from
the
patient
to
target
antigens
expressed—among
others—on
malignant
cells.
Nowadays
they
offer
new
hope
where
conventional
therapies,
such
as
chemotherapy
and
radiation,
have
often
failed.
Since
first
FDA
approval
in
2017,
CAR
rapidly
expanded,
proving
highly
effective
against
previously
refractory
diseases
with
otherwise
a
dismal
outcome.
Despite
its
promise,
continues
face
significant
challenges,
including
complex
manufacturing,
management
of
toxicities,
resistance
mechanisms
that
impact
long-term
efficacy,
limited
access
well
high
costs,
which
continue
shape
ongoing
research
clinical
applications.
review
aims
provide
an
overview
therapy,
fundamental
concepts,
applications,
current
future
directions
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
44(1)
Опубликована: Март 6, 2025
Chimeric
antigen
receptors
(CARs)
are
synthetic
that
reprogram
the
target
specificity
and
functions
of
CAR-expressing
effector
cells.
The
design
CAR
constructs
typically
includes
an
extracellular
antigen-binding
moiety,
hinge
(H),
transmembrane
(TM),
intracellular
signaling
domains.
Conventional
primarily
designed
for
T
cells
but
have
been
directly
adopted
other
cells,
including
natural
killer
(NK)
without
tailored
optimization.
Given
benefits
CAR-NK
over
CAR-T
in
terms
safety,
off-the-shelf
utility,
escape,
there
is
increasing
emphasis
on
tailoring
them
to
NK
cell
activation
mechanisms.
We
first
taken
a
stepwise
approach
modifying
components
such
as
combination
order
H,
TM,
domains
achieve
Functionality
NK-tailored
CARs
were
evaluated
vitro
vivo
model
CD19-expressing
lymphoma,
along
with
their
expression
properties
found
NK-CAR
driven
by
synergistic
NKG2D
2B4
rather
than
DNAM-1
induces
potent
Further,
more
effective
CAR-mediated
cytotoxicity
was
observed
following
sequential
DAP10,
not
domain
despite
capacity
TM
recruit
endogenous
DAP10
signaling.
Accordingly,
incorporating
2B4,
CD3ζ
coupled
CD8α
H
CD28
identified
most
promising
candidate
improve
cytotoxicity.
This
provided
antitumor
activity
conventional
T-CAR
when
delivered
both
vivo.
Hence,
receptor-based
hold
great
promise
future
potentially
significant
therapeutic
benefits.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
ranks
among
the
most
prevalent
cancers
worldwide,
highlighting
urgent
need
for
improved
diagnostic
and
therapeutic
methodologies.
The
standard
treatment
regimen
generally
involves
surgical
intervention
followed
by
systemic
therapies;
however,
median
survival
rates
patients
remain
unsatisfactory.
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
T-cell
therapy
has
emerged
as
a
pivotal
advancement
in
cancer
treatment.
Both
clinical
preclinical
studies
emphasize
notable
efficacy
of
CAR
T
cells
targeting
HCC.
Various
molecules,
such
GPC3,
c-Met,
NKG2D,
show
significant
promise
potential
immunotherapeutic
targets
liver
cancer.
Despite
this,
employing
to
treat
solid
tumors
like
HCC
poses
considerable
challenges
within
discipline.
Numerous
innovations
have
enhance
HCC,
including
improvements
cell
trafficking,
strategies
counteract
immunosuppressive
tumor
microenvironment,
enhanced
safety
protocols.
Ongoing
efforts
discover
highlight
development
more
practical
manufacturing
CAR-modified
cells.
This
review
synthesizes
recent
findings
advancements
use
therapies
We
elucidate
benefits
identify
primary
barriers
their
broader
application.
Our
analysis
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
current
status
future
prospects
immunotherapy
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
T
cell
therapy
has
become
an
important
treatment
for
hematological
cancers,
and
its
success
spurred
research
into
CAR
therapies
other
diseases,
including
solid
tumor
cancers
autoimmune
diseases.
Notably,
the
development
of
CAR-based
treatments
diseases
shown
great
progress
recently.
Clinical
trials
anti-CD19
anti-BCMA
cells
in
treating
severe
B
cell-mediated
like
systemic
lupus
erythematosus
(SLE),
have
lasting
remission
thus
far.
targeting
autoreactive
are
beginning
clinical
mediated
autoantigen
(CAAR)
specifically
target
eliminate
only
cells,
they
promise
mucosal
pemphigus
vulgaris
MuSK
myasthenia
gravis.
Regulatory
also
been
developed,
which
show
potential
altering
affected
areas
by
creating
a
protective
barrier
as
well
helping
decrease
inflammation.
These
new
applications
disease.
Novel
technologies
developed
that
increase
safety,
potency,
specificity,
efficacy
therapy.
Applying
these
novel
modifications
to
CARs
enhance
applicability
This
review
will
detail
several
recently
discuss
how
their
application
disease
improve
this
emerging
field.
include
logic-gated
CARs,
soluble
protein-secreting
modular
enable
be
more
specific,
reach
wider
span
safer
patients,
give
potent
cytotoxic
response.
revolutionize
growing
therapies.