Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update

Autism Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(5), С. 778 - 790

Опубликована: Март 3, 2022

Abstract Prevalence estimates of autism are essential for informing public policy, raising awareness, and developing research priorities. Using a systematic review, we synthesized the prevalence worldwide. We examined factors accounting variability in critically reviewed evidence relevant hypotheses about biological or social determinants (viz., sex, sociodemographic status, ethnicity/race, nativity) potentially modifying autism. performed search November 2021 within Medline studies estimating prevalence, published since our last review 2012. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Since 2012, 99 from 71 indicating global that ranges across regions, with median 100/10,000 (range: 1.09/10,000 to 436.0/10,000). The male‐to‐female ratio was 4.2. percentage cases co‐occurring intellectual disability 33.0%. Estimates varied, likely reflecting complex dynamic interactions between patterns community service capacity, help seeking, factors. A limitation this is synthesizing methodological features precludes quality appraisal studies. Our findings reveal an increase measured globally, combined effects multiple including awareness health response progress case identification definition, capacity. Hypotheses linking likelihood variations will require large, representative samples comparable diagnostic criteria case‐finding methods diverse world regions over time. Lay Summary worldwide, considering impact geographic, ethnic, socioeconomic on estimates. Approximately 1/100 children diagnosed spectrum disorder around world. increased time varied greatly groups. These reflect changes definition differences methodology contexts

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018

MMWR Surveillance Summaries, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 70(11), С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).2018.The and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network conducts active surveillance of ASD. This report focuses on the prevalence characteristics ASD among children aged 8 years in 2018 whose parents or guardians lived 11 ADDM sites United States (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin). To ascertain years, staff review abstract developmental evaluations records from community medical educational service providers. In 2018, met case definition if their documented 1) an diagnostic statement evaluation (diagnosis), 2) a special education classification (eligibility), 3) International Classification Diseases (ICD) code.For across all sites, per 1,000 ranged 16.5 Missouri to 38.9 California. The overall was 23.0 (one 44) 4.2 times as prevalent boys girls. Overall similar racial ethnic groups, except American Indian/Alaska Native had higher than non-Hispanic White (White) (29.0 versus 21.2 years). At multiple Hispanic lower Utah), Black (Black) (Georgia Minnesota). associations between neighborhood-level median household income varied by site. Among 5,058 who definition, 75.8% evaluation, 18.8% eligibility no statement, 5.4% ICD code only. that based exclusively statements 17.4 (range: 11.2 Maryland 29.9 California). age earliest known diagnosis 36 months California 63 Minnesota. 3,007 with data cognitive ability, 35.2% were classified having intelligence quotient (IQ) score ≤70. percentages IQ scores ≤70 49.8%, 33.1%, 29.7% Black, Hispanic, children, respectively. Overall, earlier ages >70 (44 53 months).In one 44 estimated have ASD, identification widely sites. Whereas race ethnicity, at certain less likely be identified children. proportion compared intellectual disability consistent previous findings.The variability practices different racial, ethnic, geographical highlights importance research into causes strategies provide equitable access services. These findings also underscore need for enhanced infrastructure diagnostic, treatment, support services meet needs

Язык: Английский

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Autism spectrum disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 172, С. 105840 - 105840

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2021

Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in bidirectional communication between and brain suggesting microbes may shape neural development, modulate neurotransmission affect behavior, thereby contribute to pathogenesis and/or progression of many neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurological conditions. This review summarizes recent data on microbiota-gut-brain axis pathophysiology neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, epilepsy. Also, involvement co-existing with conditions is highlighted. We discuss from both vivo preclinical experiments clinical reports including: (1) studies germ-free animals, (2) exploring composition animal models diseases or humans, (3) evaluating effects probiotic, prebiotic antibiotic treatment as well (4) fecal transplantation.

Язык: Английский

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Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors With Autism in a 5-Country Cohort

JAMA Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 76(10), С. 1035 - 1035

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2019

The origins and development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unresolved. No individual-level study has provided estimates additive genetic, maternal, environmental effects in ASD across several countries.To estimate the ASD.Population-based, multinational cohort including full birth cohorts children from Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Israel, Western Australia born between January 1, 1998, December 31, 2011, followed up to age 16 years. Data were analyzed September 23, 2016 through February 4, 2018.Across 5 countries, models fitted variance components describing total risk for occurrence owing genetics, shared nonshared effects.The analytic sample included 2 001 631 individuals, whom 1 027 546 (51.3%) male. Among entire sample, 22 156 diagnosed with ASD. median (95% CI) heritability was 80.8% (73.2%-85.5%) country-specific point estimates, ranging 50.9% (25.1%-75.6%) (Finland) 86.8% (69.8%-100.0%) (Israel). For Nordic countries combined, ranged 81.2% (73.9%-85.3%) 82.7% (79.1%-86.0%). Maternal effect estimated range 0.4% 1.6%. Estimates autistic similar ASD.Based on population data be approximately 80%, indicating that variation is mostly inherited genetic influences, no support contribution maternal effects. results suggest possible modest differences sources countries.

Язык: Английский

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The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

˜The œItalian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 48(1)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the serious developmental disorders that usually diagnosed below age three years. Although severity disease’s symptoms varies from patient to patient, ability communicate with others affected in all forms ASD. This study aimed determine prevalence ASD high-risk groups by continent. Methods The present was conducted systematic review and meta-analysis 2008 July 2021. Databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, SID, Magiran, Web (WoS), Google Scholar 2021 were searched find related studies. Data analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2). Results A total 74 studies 30,212,757 participants included this study. world 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.4–1%). Subgroup analyses indicated Asia, America, Europe, Africa Australia 0.4% CI: 0.1–1), 1% 0.8–1.1), 0.5% 0.2–1), 0.3–3.1), 1.7% 0.5–6.1) respectively. Conclusion imposes a heavy health burden on communities around world. Early detection can reduce incidence improve patients’ communication skills. Therefore, policymakers need be aware increasing trend implement appropriate planning interventions its consequences.

Язык: Английский

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Building Models of Brain Disorders with Three-Dimensional Organoids

Neuron, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 100(2), С. 389 - 405

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Autism spectrum heterogeneity: fact or artifact?

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(12), С. 3178 - 3185

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2020

Abstract The current diagnostic practices are linked to a 20-fold increase in the reported prevalence of ASD over last 30 years. Fragmenting autism phenotype into dimensional “autistic traits” results alleged recognition autism-like symptoms any psychiatric or neurodevelopemental condition and individuals decreasingly distant from typical population, prematurely dismisses relevance threshold. Non-specific socio-communicative repetitive DSM 5 criteria, combined with four quantitative specifiers as well all their possible combinations, render limitless variety presentations consistent categorical diagnosis ASD. We propose several remedies this problem: maintain line research on prototypical autism; limit heterogeneity compatible situations phenotypic overlap validated etiological link reintroduce qualitative properties specifiers, language, intelligence, comorbidity, severity criteria used diagnose replacement “social” “repetitive” criteria; use these features clinical intuition experts machine-learning algorithms differentiate coherent subgroups today’s spectrum; study separately, then compare them; question autistic nature

Язык: Английский

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Deep learning for neuroimaging-based diagnosis and rehabilitation of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A review

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 139, С. 104949 - 104949

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 51(12), С. 4253 - 4270

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2021

Abstract In this paper we review the impact of DSM-III and its successors on field autism—both in terms clinical work research. We summarize events leading up to inclusion autism as a “new” official diagnostic category DSM-III, subsequent revisions DSM, recognition discuss uses categorical vs. dimensional approaches continuing tensions around broad narrow views autism. also note some areas current controversy directions for future.

Язык: Английский

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