Cancer screening with multicancer detection tests: A translational science review

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 74(4), С. 368 - 382

Опубликована: Март 22, 2024

Abstract Multicancer detection (MCD) tests use a single, easily obtainable biospecimen, such as blood, to screen for more than one cancer concurrently. MCD can potentially be used improve early detection, including cancers that currently lack effective screening methods. However, these have unknown and unquantified benefits harms. differ from conventional in the organ responsible positive test is unknown, broad diagnostic workup may necessary confirm location type of underlying cancer. Among two prospective studies involving greater 16,000 individuals, identified those who had some without recommended tests, pancreas, ovary, liver, uterus, small intestine, oropharyngeal, bone, thyroid, hematologic malignancies, at stages. Reported sensitivities range 27% 95% but by are lower stage cancers, which treatment toxicity would lowest potential cure might highest. False reassurance negative result reduce adherence, risking loss proven public health standard‐of‐care screening. Prospective clinical trials needed address uncertainties about accuracy detect different asymptomatic whether sufficiently mortality reduction, degree contribute overdiagnosis overtreatment, work equally well across all populations, appropriate evaluation follow‐up patients with test.

Язык: Английский

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Cancer Stage Compared With Mortality as End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening

JAMA, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 331(22), С. 1910 - 1910

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

Importance Randomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence stage III-IV is a potential alternative point that may accelerate completion randomized screening. Objective To compare with points in Design, Setting, and Participants This meta-analysis included 41 conducted Europe, North America, Asia published through February 19, 2024. Data extracted numbers participants, diagnoses, deaths intervention comparison groups. For each trial, effect was calculated percentage reduction between groups participants cancer. Exposures Randomization to test or group trial Main Outcomes Measures End were compared using Pearson correlation coefficients 95% CIs, linear regression, fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results tested benefits for breast (n = 6), colorectal 11), lung 12), ovarian 4), prostate other cancers 4). Correlation reductions varied by type ( I 2 65%; P .02). highest screened (Pearson ρ 0.99 [95% CI, 0.51-1.00]) 0.92 0.72-0.98]) cancers, moderate 0.70 −0.26 0.96]), weak 0.39 −0.27 0.80]) −0.69 −0.99 0.81]) cancers. Slopes from regression estimated 1.15 cancer, 0.75 0.40 0.28 −3.58 suggesting given magnitude produced different magnitudes change heterogeneity .004). Conclusions Relevance In screening, late-stage be suitable some types, but not others. These results have implications multicancer tests.

Язык: Английский

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Use of ctDNA in early breast cancer: analytical validity and clinical potential

npj Breast Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024

Abstract Circulating free tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is gaining popularity in precision oncology, particularly metastatic breast cancer, as it provides non-invasive, real-time information to complement tissue biopsies, allowing for tailored treatment strategies and improved patient selection clinical trials. Its use early cancer has been limited so far, due the relatively low sensitivity of available techniques a setting characterized by lower levels ctDNA shedding. However, advances sequencing bioinformatics, well methylome profiles, have led an increasing interest application from screening curative evaluation minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. With multiple prospective trials this setting, may become useful practice. This article reviews data regarding analytical validity currently tests detection potential cancer.

Язык: Английский

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Advances and challenges in precision imaging

The Lancet Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1), С. e34 - e45

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Psychosocial impact associated with a multicancer early detection test (PATHFINDER): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study

The Lancet Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Immunotherapy in melanoma: Can we predict response to treatment with circulating biomarkers?

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 256, С. 108613 - 108613

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, representing approximately 4% all cutaneous neoplasms it accounts for up to 80% deaths. Advanced stages melanoma involve metastatic processes and are associated with high mortality morbidity, mainly due rapid dissemination heterogeneous responses current therapies including immunotherapy. Indeed, immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs), either alone or in combination other currently used (MM) linked an increase patient survival. Of note, number therapeutic regimens MM patients using ICIs has increased, highlighting a growing need reliable biomarkers that can both predict monitor response ICIs. In this context, circulating biomarkers, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, cells, have emerged their ability detect disease status. Moreover, blood tests minimally invasive provide attractive option avoiding stressful medical procedures. This systematic review summarizes evaluate possibility non-invasive biomarker signature guide decisions. The studies reported here offer valuable insight into how role personalized treatments receiving therapy, emphasizing rigorous clinical trials confirm findings establish standardized

Язык: Английский

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Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Advancing Multiple-Cancer Early Detection via Serum Biomarkers: A Narrative Review

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(5), С. 862 - 862

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

The concept and policies of multicancer early detection (MCED) have gained significant attention from governments worldwide in recent years. In the era burgeoning artificial intelligence (AI) technology, integration MCED with AI has become a prevailing trend, giving rise to plethora products. However, due heterogeneity both targets technologies, overall diversity products remains considerable. types encompass protein biomarkers, cell-free DNA, or combinations these biomarkers. development models, different model training approaches are employed, including datasets case-control studies real-world cancer screening datasets. Various validation techniques, such as cross-validation, location-wise validation, time-wise used. All factors show impacts on predictive efficacy AIs. After completion development, deploying AIs clinical practice presents numerous challenges, presenting reports, identifying potential locations tumors, addressing cancer-related information, follow-up treatment. This study reviews several mature currently available market, detecting their composing serum biomarker detection, training/validation, application. review illuminates challenges encountered by existing across stages, offering insights into continued obstacles within field AI.

Язык: Английский

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Screening for liver fibrosis: lessons from colorectal and lung cancer screening

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(7), С. 517 - 527

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Advancing Cancer Interception

Cancer Discovery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(4), С. 600 - 604

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Summary: Rapid advances in technology and therapeutics, along with better methods to discern who is at risk for cancer by genetic testing other means, has enabled the development of interception. Targeted therapies “immuno-interception” may eliminate premalignant lesions require clinical trial treatment paradigms altogether distinct from current approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Multimodal analysis of cfDNA methylomes for early detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2024

Detecting early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and precancerous lesions is critical for improving survival. Here, we conduct whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on 460 cfDNA samples from patients with non-metastatic ESCC or matched healthy controls. We develop an expanded multimodal analysis (EMMA) framework to simultaneously identify methylation, copy number variants (CNVs), fragmentation markers in WGBS data. methylation are the earliest most sensitive, detectable 70% of ESCCs 50% lesions, associated molecular subtypes tumor microenvironments. CNVs features show high specificity but linked late-stage disease. EMMA significantly improves detection rates, increasing AUCs 0.90 0.99, detects 87% 62% >95% validation cohorts. Our findings demonstrate potential methylome early monitoring characteristics ESCC.

Язык: Английский

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