Very Strong Atmospheric Methane Growth in the 4 Years 2014–2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 33(3), С. 318 - 342

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2019

Abstract Atmospheric methane grew very rapidly in 2014 (12.7 ± 0.5 ppb/year), 2015 (10.1 0.7 2016 (7.0 and 2017 (7.7 at rates not observed since the 1980s. The increase burden began 2007, with mean global mole fraction remote surface background air rising from about 1,775 ppb 2006 to 1,850 2017. Simultaneously 13 C/ 12 C isotopic ratio (expressed as δ CH4 ) has shifted, now trending negative for more than a decade. causes of methane's recent are therefore either change relative proportions (and totals) emissions biogenic thermogenic pyrogenic sources, especially tropics subtropics, or decline atmospheric sink methane, both. Unfortunately, limited measurement data sets, it is currently possible be definitive. climate warming impact over past decade, if continued >5 ppb/year coming decades, sufficient challenge Paris Agreement, which requires sharp cuts burden. However, anthropogenic relatively large thus offer attractive targets rapid reduction, essential Agreement aims attained.

Язык: Английский

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Forest Soil Bacteria: Diversity, Involvement in Ecosystem Processes, and Response to Global Change

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 81(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2017

The ecology of forest soils is an important field research due to the role forests as carbon sinks. Consequently, a significant amount information has been accumulated concerning their ecology, especially for temperate and boreal forests. Although most studies have focused on fungi, soil bacteria also play roles in this environment. In soils, inhabit multiple habitats with specific properties, including bulk soil, rhizosphere, litter, deadwood habitats, where communities are shaped by nutrient availability biotic interactions. Bacteria contribute range essential processes involved cycling carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus. They take part decomposition dead plant biomass highly fungal mycelia. rhizospheres trees, interact roots mycorrhizal fungi commensalists or mycorrhiza helpers. mediate critical steps nitrogen cycle, N fixation. Bacterial respond effects global change, such climate warming, increased levels dioxide, anthropogenic deposition. This response, however, often reflects specificities each studied ecosystem, it still impossible fully incorporate into predictive models. understanding bacterial advanced dramatically recent years, but incomplete. exact extent contribution ecosystem will be recognized only future, when activities all community members simultaneously.

Язык: Английский

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Moving Beyond Global Warming Potentials to Quantify the Climatic Role of Ecosystems

Ecosystems, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 18(6), С. 1000 - 1013

Опубликована: Май 15, 2015

Abstract For decades, ecosystem scientists have used global warming potentials (GWPs) to compare the radiative forcing of various greenhouse gases determine if ecosystems a net or cooling effect on climate. On conceptual basis, continued use GWPs by ecological community may be untenable because requires implicit assumption that gas emissions occur as single pulse; this is rarely justified in studies. We present two alternate metrics—the sustained-flux potential (SGWP, for emissions) and (SGCP, uptake)—for when fluxes persist over time. The SGWP generally larger than GWP (by up ~40%) both methane nitrous oxide emissions, creating situations where metrics could provide opposing interpretations about climatic role an ecosystem. Further, there asymmetry dynamics between persistent emission uptake situations, producing very different values vs. SGCP leading conclusion take these are effective at reducing forcing. Although new more realistic fluxes, we further argue even insufficient context trying understand lifetime A dynamic modeling approach has flexibility account temporally variable rates exchange, not limited fixed time frame, informative SGWP, SGCP, GWP. Ultimately, hope article will stimulate discussion within science most appropriate way(s) assessing regulators

Язык: Английский

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Methane Mitigation: Methods to Reduce Emissions, on the Path to the Paris Agreement

Reviews of Geophysics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 58(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2020

Abstract The atmospheric methane burden is increasing rapidly, contrary to pathways compatible with the goals of 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement. Urgent action required bring back a pathway more in line goals. Emission reduction from “tractable” (easier mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as fossil fuel industries and landfills being much facilitated by technical advances past decade, which have radically improved our ability locate, identify, quantify, reduce emissions. Measures emissions “intractable” (harder agriculture biomass burning received less attention are also becoming feasible, including removal elevated‐methane ambient air near sources. wider effort use microbiological dietary intervention cattle (and humans) not addressed detail this essentially geophysical review. Though they cannot replace need reach “net‐zero” CO 2 , significant reductions will ease timescales needed targets for any particular future temperature limit. There no single magic bullet, but implementation wide array mitigation emission strategies could substantially cut global burden, at cost that relatively low compared parallel necessary measures thereby toward consistent

Язык: Английский

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Methane production, oxidation and mitigation: A mechanistic understanding and comprehensive evaluation of influencing factors

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 572, С. 874 - 896

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Transitions in Arctic ecosystems: Ecological implications of a changing hydrological regime

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 121(3), С. 650 - 674

Опубликована: Март 1, 2016

Abstract Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last decade, described observed potential impacts of climate change as well other environmental stressors on Arctic ecosystems. There is increasing recognition that projected changes in freshwater sources, fluxes, storage will have profound implications for physical, biogeochemical, biological, ecological processes properties terrestrial However, a significant level uncertainty remains relation to forecasting an intensified hydrological regime cryospheric ecosystem structure function. As ecology component Freshwater Synthesis, we review these uncertainties recommend enhanced coordinated circumpolar research monitoring efforts improve quantification prediction how altered influences local, regional, circumpolar‐level responses systems. Specifically, evaluate (i) productivity; (ii) alterations ecosystem‐level biogeochemical cycling chemical transport; (iii) landscapes, successional trajectories, creation new habitats; (iv) seasonality phenological mismatches; (v) gains or losses species associated trophic interactions. We emphasize need developing process‐based understanding interecosystem interactions, along with improved predictive models. use catchment scale integrated unit study, thereby more explicitly considering chemical, fluxes across full continuum geographic region spatial range hydroecological units (e.g., stream‐pond‐lake‐river‐near shore marine environments).

Язык: Английский

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The life of soils: Integrating the who and how of multifunctionality

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 166, С. 108561 - 108561

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2022

Capturing the complexity of soil life for quality assessments is one most challenging paradoxes contemporary science. Soil biota perform a plethora processes that are fundamental to quality. As concept developed, so have attempts integrate biological measurements into monitoring schemes from field regional scale. To date, however, science has not yet succeeded provide flexible objective indicator methods assess multifunctionality, customised user's context. We present an integrative framework and elucidate who how multifunctionality. The encompasses current scientific understanding role in supporting many underly specified these relationships four functions (Carbon Climate Regulation, Water Regulation Purification, Nutrient Cycling, Disease Pest Regulation). identify challenges often encountered assessment discuss can be applied selection tool. conducted different contexts. objectives range mechanistic understanding, functional land management large spatial scale will practical logistical constraints method vary. Biological need move beyond quest one-size-fits-all minimum dataset, adopt more nuanced approach founded biology. stress attributes should considered isolation but alongside chemical physical attributes, as well environmental contextualisation. presented offers structure further quantify, understand communicate biology defining

Язык: Английский

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Review on anaerobic digestion models: Model classification & elaboration of process phenomena

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 160, С. 112288 - 112288

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable Conversion of Microplastics to Methane with Ultrahigh Selectivity by a Biotic–Abiotic Hybrid Photocatalytic System

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61(52)

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2022

Abstract Efficient conversion of microplastics into fuels provides a promising strategy to alleviate environmental pollution and the energy crisis. However, conventional processes are challenged by low product selectivity potential secondary pollution. Herein, biotic‐abiotic photocatalytic system is designed assembling Methanosarcina barkeri ( M. b ) carbon dot‐functionalized polymeric nitrides (CDPCN), which biodegradable microplastics—poly(lactic acid) after heat pretreatment can be converted CH 4 for five successive 24‐day cycles with nearly 100 % assistance additional CO 2 . Mechanistic analyses showed that both photooxidation photoreduction methanogenesis worked simultaneously via fully utilizing photogenerated holes electrons without chemical sacrificial quenchers. Further research validated real‐world applicability ‐CDPCN non‐biodegradable microplastic‐to‐CH conversion, offering new avenue engineering plastic reuse.

Язык: Английский

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Twenty Years of Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Measuring and Understanding Soil Respiration

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 129(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Soil respiration (Rs), the soil‐to‐atmosphere flux of CO 2 , is a dominant but uncertain part carbon cycle, even after decades study. This review focuses on progress in understanding Rs from laboratory incubations to global estimates. We survey key developments situ ecosystem‐scale observations and manipulations, synthesize meta‐analyses estimates, discuss most compelling challenges opportunities for future. Increasingly sophisticated lab experiments have yielded insights into interaction among heterotrophic respiration, substrate supply, enzymatic kinetics, extended incubation‐based analyses across space time. Observational manipulative field‐based used improved measurement approaches deepen our integrated effects environmental change disturbance Rs. Freely‐available observational databases enabled studies probing magnitude of, constraints on, flux. Key field include expanding measurements, experiments, under‐represented communities ecosystems; reconciling independent estimates fluxes trends; testing leveraging power machine learning process‐based models, both independently conjunction with each other; continuing field's tradition using novel explore diverse mechanisms ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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