The ACE2 Receptor from Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) and Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus) Support Attachment and Limited Infection of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses in Cell Culture DOI Creative Commons
Abhijeet Bakre, Ryan Sweeney,

E Espinoza

и другие.

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(4), С. 507 - 507

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SC2) infection was confirmed in various animal species demonstrating a wide host range of virus. Prior studies have shown that ACE2 protein is primary receptor used by virus to gain cellular entry and begin replication cycle. In previous studies, we demonstrated human bat proteins can be utilized SC2 viruses for entry. Bats are suspected natural because genetic homology with other coronaviruses. this work, demonstrate expression genes from common vampire (CVB) (Desmodus rotundus) pallid (PB) (Antrozous pallidus), supports some cell culture. Two lines were produced, CVB-ACE2 PB-ACE2, expressing these along TMPRSS2, model previously established using non-permissive chicken DF-1 line. Results original Wuhan lineage (WA1) Delta variant able infect replicate either lines. contrast, Lambda Omicron infected both lines, but viral titers did not increase following infection. Viral detection immunofluorescence abundant spike (S) staining WA1 variants little signal variants. These while CVB PB infection, later (Lambda Omicron) poorly observations suggest more efficient adaption become less fit species.

Язык: Английский

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses as a function of multiple COVID-19 boosters DOI Creative Commons
Ricardo da Silva Antunes,

Vicente Fajardo-Rosas,

Esther Dawen Yu

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

SUMMARY The long-term effects of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations on adaptive immunity remain incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive three-year longitudinal study examining T cell and antibody responses in 78 vaccinated individuals without reported symptomatic infections. We observed distinct dynamics Spike-specific humoral cellular immune across multiple vaccine doses. While titers incrementally increased stabilized with each booster, rapidly plateaued, maintaining remarkable stability CD4+ CD8+ subsets. Notably, approximately 30% participants showed reactivity to non-Spike antigens, consistent asymptomatic Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse landscape phenotypes, no evidence exhaustion or significant functional impairment. However, qualitative changes were infection, exhibiting unique immunological characteristics, including frequencies Th17-like cells GZMKhi/IFNR Remarkably, this group associated progressive increase regulatory cells, potentially indicating balanced response that may mitigate immunopathology. By regularly stimulating memory, boosters contribute stable enhanced response, which provide better protection against

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Drug-drug interaction between ensitrelvir and tacrolimus in a patient undergoing treatment for COVID-19: a case report DOI Creative Commons

Yuki Miyata,

Ryo Yamaguchi, Takehito Yamamoto

и другие.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Abstract Background Ensitrelvir is a novel SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitor, similar to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Several case reports have demonstrated the efficacy of inhibitors in treating prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunocompromised patients. Tacrolimus (TAC) widely used immunosuppressive agent whose blood level can increase significantly due inhibition cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein by Since ensitrelvir also inhibits CYP3A P-gp, elevations TAC levels are expected. A prior report observed an trough with concurrent administration ensitrelvir. However, no studies quantitatively described changes clearances before after when was discontinued mitigate drug-drug interaction (DDI) risk; data on safe dosing protocols avoid DDI during co-administration remain lacking. Here, we which were successfully managed patient rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who received for persistent COVID-19 preemptive discontinuation close monitoring following administration. Case presentation An 81-year-old Japanese woman had been administered (1.5 mg once daily) RA two courses remdesivir moderate COVID-19. her viral load remained high respiratory status deteriorated. Considering COVID-19, initiated combination therapy (day 0). discontinued, decreased from 3.6 ng/mL 1.1 over five days. Subsequently, re-administered (0.2 mg), observing 1.0 day 7. The dose adjusted daily, 12 14 6.5 3.7 ng/mL, respectively. resumed 15. calculated t 1/2 33.7, 71.9, 114.6 h -1 0, 0 2, 2 5, extended 3.4-fold its original duration under treatment. Conclusions This half-life approximately 3.4-fold, effect that gradually diminished 7 10 When patients receiving treatment start therapy, reduction one-third one-fourth considered appropriate.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Efficacy and safety of sipavibart for prevention of COVID-19 in individuals who are immunocompromised (SUPERNOVA): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial DOI
Ghady Haidar, S. Thomas, Paul Loubet

и другие.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Single Monoclonal Antibodies Should Not Be Used for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Therapy: A Call for Antiviral Stewardship DOI
Arturo Casadevall, Daniele Focosi, Liise-anne Pirofski

и другие.

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(6), С. 1404 - 1407

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic witnessed the greatest deployment of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for an infectious disease, but all were defeated by SARS-CoV-2 evolution. As new mAbs are developed, disease community needs stewardship practices to reduce emergence resistance.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Does early combination vs. Monotherapy improve clinical outcomes of clinically extremely vulnerable patients with COVID-19? Results from a retrospective propensity-weighted analysis DOI Creative Commons
Maria Mazzitelli, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Claudia Cozzolino

и другие.

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
A SARS-CoV-2 mucosal nanovaccine based on assembly of maltodextrin, STING agonist and polyethyleneimine DOI
Yu Tian, Liang Hu, Qingrui Huang

и другие.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 139395 - 139395

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with Concurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Comparative Cohort Analysis DOI Creative Commons
Flavia Ignuta, Adrian Vlad,

Teodor Cerbulescu

и другие.

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 111 - 111

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Co-infection with Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) in COVID-19 patients has emerged as a clinical challenge associated increased morbidity and mortality. While both infections elicit systemic inflammation, the interplay between inflammatory markers, disease severity, outcomes concurrent C. infection remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate status of hospitalized COVID-19, without co-infection, identify markers most predictive severe disease. We conducted retrospective cohort 200 adults confirmed whom 92 had laboratory-confirmed infection. Baseline demographic data, comorbidities, (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet count, albumin, derived indices such CRP-to-Albumin Ratio [CAR] Prognostic Nutritional Index [PNI]) were recorded. Clinical included ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, length stay, in-hospital Patients co-infection significantly elevated (CRP, IL-6, NLR) higher CAR, alongside lower PNI, compared those alone (p < 0.001). Inflammatory correlated strongly severity: CAR low PNI odds admission mortality Multivariate analysis identified status, independent predictors outcomes. is an intensified response worse Among evaluated robust Timely recognition use targeted anti-inflammatory supportive therapies may improve patient management. Future studies should expand on these findings optimize care guide therapeutic strategies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for the treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge: a systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Caroline Hirsch, Nina Kreuzberger, Nicole Skoetz

и другие.

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Abstract Background Persistent COVID-19 (pCOVID-19) in immunocompromised patients is characterized by unspecific symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates due to ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. Treatment options remain unclear, leading different approaches, including combination therapy extended durations. The purpose of this study was assess the efficacy safety antiviral therapies for pCOVID-19 since Omicron surge. Methods We searched MEDLINE Scopus from 1 January 2022 6 August 2024 cohort studies case series on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, ensitrelvir molnupiravir. Evidence certainty rated using Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation outcomes viral clearance, recurrence/relapse, mortality, adverse events (AEs) symptom resolution. Results Thirteen involving 127 cases were included. very low. In with at least two direct agents, clearance 79%, a 16% recurrence rate. All-cause mortality 9%, 6% while SARS-CoV-2 positive. 47 cases, AEs reported 11%. Symptom resolution ranged 3 days studies. one agent passive immunization, 89%, an 11% rate no deaths. four documented observed. monotherapy, 100%, 15% One death, unrelated SARS-CoV-2, occurred. 12 Conclusions Based low evidence, combining immunization resulted high rates few recurrences. occurred treated antivirals. Controlled are needed.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during a persistent infection for 521 days in an immunocompromised patient DOI Creative Commons
Hanno Schmidt, Luca Aroha Schick, Jürgen Podlech

и другие.

npj Genomic Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Immunocompromised patients struggle to adequately clear viral infections, offering the virus opportunity adapt immune system in host. Here we present a case study of patient undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with 521-day follow-up SARS-CoV-2 infection BF.7.21 variant. Virus samples from five time points were submitted whole genome sequencing. Between first detection and its clearance, patient's population acquired 34 amino acid substitutions 8 deletions coding regions. With 11 receptor binding domain virus' spike protein, 15 times more abundant than expected for random distribution this highly functional region. Amongst them S:K417T, S:N440S, S:K444R, S:V445A, S:G446N, S:L452Q, S:N460K, S:E484V at positions that are notorious their resistance-mediating effects. The substitution patterns found indicate ongoing adaptive evolution.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Predictors of COVID-19 Readmission Among Patients Previously Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Marta Colaneri, Marta Canuti, G Torrigiani

и другие.

Infectious Diseases and Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 447 - 461

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related rehospitalization remain underexplored. This study aims to identify the main risk factors associated with rehospitalizations due severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections among residents Lombardy, northern Italy. A retrospective observational was conducted using two linked administrative databases covering demographic data, comorbidities, hospital records, and COVID-19 data Lombardy residents. The population included patients hospitalized for between February 2020 August 2021. Rehospitalization defined as a second COVID-19-related hospitalization occurring at least 90 days after first admission. Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model used factors, accounting death competing risk. Out 98,369 1, 31, 2021, 72,593 were alive admission 610 these (0.8%) rehospitalized. higher observed in older male multiple comorbidities. Renal failure, liver disease, use diuretics significantly risk, while female biological sex lipid-lowering drugs lower is on regional investigate rehospitalizations. Through availability huge cohort, it provides groundwork optimizing care individuals It underlines need patient-management approaches that extend beyond initial recovery. stresses importance ongoing monitoring personalized interventions those heightened not only SARS-CoV-2 reinfection but also related

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0