Neurostructural traces of early life adversities: A meta-analysis exploring age- and adversity-specific effects

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 135, С. 104589 - 104589

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2022

Язык: Английский

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DeepBiomarker2: Prediction of Alcohol and Substance Use Disorder Risk in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Patients Using Electronic Medical Records and Multiple Social Determinants of Health

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1), С. 94 - 94

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2024

Prediction of high-risk events amongst patients with mental disorders is critical for personalized interventions. We developed DeepBiomarker2 by leveraging deep learning and natural language processing to analyze lab tests, medication use, diagnosis, social determinants health (SDoH) parameters, psychotherapy outcome prediction. To increase the model’s interpretability, we further refined our contribution analysis identify key features scaling a factor from reference feature. applied EMR data 38,807 University Pittsburgh Medical Center diagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) determine their risk developing alcohol substance use (ASUD). predicted whether PTSD patient would have diagnosis ASUD within following 3 months an average c-statistic (receiver operating characteristic AUC) 0.93 F1 score, precision, recall 0.880, 0.895, 0.866 in test sets, respectively. Our study found that medications clindamycin, enalapril, penicillin, valacyclovir, Xarelto/rivaroxaban, moxifloxacin, atropine SDoH parameters access psychotherapy, living zip codes high normalized vegetative index, Gini low-income segregation may potential reduce ASUDs PTSD. In conclusion, integration information, coupled feature analysis, empowers accurately predict risk. Moreover, model can indicators increased along beneficial effects.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Imputing Response Rates for First-Line Psychological Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Youth

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Generalization of fear in post‐traumatic stress disorder

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 57(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2019

Abstract Overgeneralization (i.e., the transfer of fear to stimuli not related an aversive event) is part alterations in associative learning mental disorders. In present experimental study, we investigated whether this holds true for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) childhood abuse. We expected that generalization under conditions reflects different social domains real life. Sixty‐four women with PTSD after abuse and 30 healthy participants (HC) underwent a differential conditioning paradigm. Online risk ratings, reaction time, fear‐potentiated startle served as dependent variables. Based on subjectively assessed triggered intrusions across life, were split into two groups reporting low (low‐GEN) high (high‐GEN) generalization. patients reported higher expectation event. During conditioning, they danger safety cue slower showed blunted toward cue. testing, time increased high‐GEN decreased HC group increasing similarity stimulus conditioned Alterations suggest impaired defensive responses case threat probability. Moreover, our findings bridge gap between cues during everyday life laboratory‐based parameters: impairments processing signaling generalize particularly those who report spreading symptoms

Язык: Английский

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Child maltreatment and cardiovascular disease: quantifying mediation pathways using UK Biobank

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2020

Abstract Background Child maltreatment is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but mediation pathways have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the current study was to determine and quantify underlying linking child CVD. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort using UK Biobank. number types maltreatment, including abuse neglect, were recalled by participants. Lifestyle, biological, physical, mental health factors measured at baseline explored as potential mediators. Incident CVD ascertained through record linkage after measurement. Age, sex, ethnicity, area-based deprivation, education level adjusted for confounders. Cox proportional hazard models test associations between incident Results A total 152,040 participants who completed assessment included in analyses, one third reported least type maltreatment. There dose-response relationship On average, each additional an 11% (95% CI 8–14%, P < 0.0001) increased risk majority (56.2%) association mediated depressive symptoms, followed smoking (14.7%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (8.7%), sleep duration (2.4%). Conclusion combination health, lifestyle, biological pathways. Therefore, addition interventions reduce occurrence attention should be targeted promoting healthy lifestyles preventing, identifying, treating depression among children adults previously maltreated.

Язык: Английский

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Sleep disturbance and the long-term impact of early adversity

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 126, С. 304 - 313

Опубликована: Март 20, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Debate: Recognising and responding to the mental health needs of young people in the era of COVID‐19

Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(3), С. 169 - 170

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic is a ‘perfect storm’ for the mental health of young people, because exposure to known risk factors psychopathology and lack support from infrastructures that are normally in place ensure safety provide support. However, it yet unclear if this will flood Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services. early, normative emotional responses observed may not lead enduring most people. Nevertheless, minority people show complex presentations, particularly relation bereavement. As epidemiology clinical practice reveal actual needs hope we find focus determination build new solutions promote people’s health.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Trauma-Exposed Preschool-Aged Children

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 61(3), С. 366 - 377

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2021

ObjectiveTrauma exposure is common in preschool-aged children. Understanding the psychological impact of such and prevalence posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) this population important for provision appropriate timely intervention. This pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD41019133984) systematic review meta-analysis examined PTSD trauma-exposed children.MethodLiterature searches were conducted PubMed (Medline), PsycINFO PILOTS, alongside reference lists relevant reviews. Studies selected if they comprised samples with a mean age less than 6.5 years, was assessed using standardized interviews at least 1-month post trauma. Information on sample characteristics, trauma exposure, measurement, diagnostic criteria extracted. For studies that applied more one algorithm, most age-appropriate used to estimate pooled across studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis.ResultsEighteen included (N = 1941). The 21.5% (95% CI 13.8%-30.4%) when developmentally algorithm available. When focusing subset reported both standard adult (k 12), 4.9% 2.5%-8.0%) obtained (DSM-IV), 19.9% 12.1%-29.0%) (PTSD-AA). Prevalence 3-fold higher following interpersonal repeated compared non-interpersonal or single-event trauma, respectively. Higher found tools used. There significant heterogeneity lack low-income countries applying algorithms.ConclusionPreschool-aged children are vulnerable developing exposure. Younger show trends similar those older youths adults different types Age-appropriate essential ensure identification early support provided. Trauma Literature meta-analysis. Eighteen algorithms. Preschool-aged

Язык: Английский

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Emotional dysregulation mediates the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress: First Italian data during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 55(11), С. 1071 - 1078

Опубликована: Март 9, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic represents an unprecedented traumatic stressor to mental health. Psychological distress is considered a reliable proxy for psychopathology and can be negatively influenced by childhood trauma through sensitization effects. Emotion dysregulation has been proposed as potential mediator of this mechanism. We aimed test hypothesis in national Italian sample assessed the early phase outbreak.We investigated relationship between psychological 500 healthy participants survey-based study, after lockdown Italy. Levels history were obtained using Kessler-10 (K10) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. used bootstrapped mediation analysis role emotional dysregulation, measured Difficulties Regulation Scale, on effect distress.In total, 190 (38%) reported related outbreak. Individuals with experienced more trauma, specifically abuse (F = 23.51, df 1, p < 0.001) neglect 10.98, 0.001). After modelling impact 2019-related resulted indirect effects mediated deficits emotion regulation mechanisms (bootstrapped lower level confidence interval 0.345, upper 0.598).Childhood associated increased vulnerability stressful Our data suggest that may represent dimension mediating specific target interventions aiming at empowering resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Deconstructing pathways to resilience: A systematic review of associations between psychosocial mechanisms and transdiagnostic adult mental health outcomes in the context of adverse childhood experiences

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(5), С. 1626 - 1654

Опубликована: Март 10, 2022

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are identified with increased risk of adult mental health difficulties and negative impacts on well‐being. However, there is a need to go beyond simple associations identify candidate mechanisms underpinning the ACEs–mental relationship. Further methodological heterogeneity points issues around operationalization ACEs importance modelling data using robust research designs. The aim current review was synthesize studies that utilized formal mediation and/or moderation analyses explore psychological social variables pathway between clearly defined (as measured by ACE questionnaire Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ]) common outcomes (depressive, anxiety post‐traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms) across community samples aged over 18. A total 31 papers were retrieved for critical appraisal. majority explored factors mediating/moderating link child adversity depression less trauma. Most tested in only single studies, limiting consistency evidence. Evidence indicated underlying likely reflect multiple intervening variables. Further, substantial limitations extant literature including proliferation causal inferences from cross‐sectional designs both measurement conceptual operationalizing adversity. Consistent transdiagnostic relevant problems identified, perceived support, emotion regulation cognitive appraisals/beliefs. longitudinal design required delineate potential contribution mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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