Long-term neurobehavioral and neuroimaging outcomes in athletes with prior concussion(s) and head impact exposure

The Clinical Neuropsychologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 29

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

Objective: The long-term health of former athletes with a history multiple concussions and/or repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure has been growing interest among the public. true proportion dementia cases attributable to neurotrauma and neurobehavioral profile/sequelae concussion RHI difficult determine. Methods: Across three paradigms (i.e. group comparisons vs. controls, number prior concussions, level exposure), this review characterizes prevalence neurodegenerative/neurological disease, changes in cognitive psychiatric function, alterations on neuroimaging. We highlight sources variability across studies provide suggested directions for future investigations. Results: most robust finding reported literature suggests higher symptom endorsement (general, psychiatric, cognitive) those greater sport-related from adolescence older adulthood. Pathological processes (e.g. atrophy, tau deposition, hypometabolism) may be more likely occur within select regions (frontal temporal cortices) structures (thalamus hippocampus). However, examining concussion(s) imaging outcomes have yet identify consistent associations or evidence dose-response relationship threshold at which are observed. Discussion: Studies not observed simple between cognitive, vivo neurobiological outcomes, particularly lower levels play. is complex influenced by ­several non-injury-related factors.

Язык: Английский

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Reciprocal relationships between adolescent mental health difficulties and alcohol consumption

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

The directionality of the relationship between adolescent alcohol consumption and mental health difficulties remains poorly understood. This study investigates longitudinal use frequency, internalizing externalizing symptoms from ages 11 to 17. We conducted a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model across three timepoints (ages: 11yrs, 14yrs, 17yrs; 50.4% female) in Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,647). Survey weights were used account for attrition. At each timepoint, past month frequency was self-reported, parents cohort members reported internalizing/externalizing using Strengths Difficulties Questionnaire. controlled expectancies, sex, four cumulative risk indices (perinatal risk, early childhood adverse parenting, parent-level occurrence, persistent household socioeconomic deprivation). More frequent at age predicted increased 14 (β 0.06; p =.01). 17 0.11; <.001). Increased consistently reduced next timepoint throughout period (11 years: β= -0.04; =.03; -0.09; =.004). Frequent represents significant subsequent difficulties. Externalizing appear exacerbate one another. Internalizing may reduce consumption. Incorporating routine screening into treatment settings could comorbid disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Biomarkers of pesticide exposure predict Depressive Symptoms in rural and urban workers of the Maule Region, Chile

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Abstract Background Agricultural workers are routinely exposed to pesticides, which associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, including potential impacts on mental such as depressive symptoms. In the Maule region Chile, an area characterized by intensive pesticide use, this study investigates association between exposure organophosphate (OP) pesticides and prevalence symptoms among agricultural workers. Methods We conducted longitudinal 78 participants, comprising occupationally nearby urban non-agricultural Pesticide was assessed through six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites in four repeated urine samples over two years. Depressive were evaluated using CES-D scale affect PANAS scale. Sociodemographic, health, exposure-related variables included covariates. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) employed investigate dose-response relationships Results No reliable differences urinary DAP, DEAP, DMP metabolite concentrations observed directly when testing rural workers, however, analyses revealed that cumulative diethyl alkyl phosphates (DEAPs) (CI=0.0003–0.0127, p = 0.040). Over time, positive increased whereas reported significantly lower negative 2023. Further showed problematic alcohol consumption (CI=0.018–3.707, 0.048) predictor Conclusions extends beyond occupational settings include environmental sources or food residues, shown comparable levels participants consistent measurements Chronic DEAPs predictive symptoms, emphasizing importance biomarkers for assessing exposure. Public interventions, stricter regulations, awareness programs needed address risks research should explore genetic factors influencing susceptibility health.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of the Bender-Gestalt Test for Brain Injury in Individuals with Drug Abuse vs. Healthy Subjects: A Case-Control Study

Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Background: This case-control study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of Bender-Gestalt test (BGT) in identifying neuropsychological impairments individuals with drug abuse compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total 70 participants, comprising 52 and 18 controls, all a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score greater than 15, were included study. Each participant completed BGT assess visual-motor impairments. Results: Individuals exhibited significantly more errors including rotation/reversal (P < 0.001), omissions = 0.004), partial rotation 0.001). Conclusions: The is reliable cost-effective tool for detecting abuse.

Язык: Английский

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“A man never cries”: A mixed-methods analysis of gender differences in depression and alcohol use in Moshi, Tanzania

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(2), С. e0002664 - e0002664

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Globally, gender differences are well-documented in alcohol use behaviors and MDD, yet these remain understudied Moshi, Tanzania. Understanding gender-specific nuances of conditions is crucial for developing effective culturally appropriate mental health treatments. This study aims to investigate use, other aspects well-being among patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). Six hundred seventy-six presenting care the KCMC Emergency Department (ED) Reproductive Health (RHC) were enrolled between October 2021 May 2022. Patients selected through systematic random sampling completed quantitative surveys, including Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) Patient Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Nineteen purposively chosen from population in-depth interviews (IDIs) exploring gender, depression. ANOVA, chi-squared tests, adjusted log-binomial regressions, a linear regression model used analyze data RStudio. A grounded theory approach was all IDIs NVivo. Average [SD] PHQ-9 scores 7.22 [5.07] ED women, 4.91 [4.11] RHC 3.75 [4.38] men. women held highest prevalence MDD (25%) compared (11%) men (7.9%) (p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms associated with higher AUDIT (R2 = 0.11, p Qualitative analysis showed that while present social support networks notably absent men, playing role use. For described as coping mechanism stress. Intersectionality depression influenced by sociocultural behavioral norms Moshi. As such, multi-layered, gender-differentiated programming should be considered treatment substance this region.

Язык: Английский

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