Updating studies of past life and ancient ecologies using defossilized organismal proxies DOI Creative Commons
Erynn H. Johnson, David Peterman,

Aja Carter

и другие.

Frontiers in Earth Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

The fossil record represents the world’s largest historical dataset of biodiversity. However, biomechanical and ecological potential this has been restricted by various unique barriers obstructing experimental study. Fossils are often partial, modified taphonomy, or lacking modern analogs. In past, these confined many studies to descriptive observational techniques. Fortunately, advances in computer modeling, virtual simulations, model fabrication, physical experimentation now allow ancient organisms their biomechanics be studied like never before using “Defossilized Organismal Proxies” (DOPs). Although DOPs forging new approaches integrating ecology, evolutionary biology, bioinspired engineering, application yet identified as a unique, independent methodological approach. We believe that techniques involving will continue revolutionizing paleontology how other related fields interact with draw insights from life’s history. As field moves forward, identifying framework for novel development is essential establishing best practices maximize scientific impact DOP-based experiments. perspective, we reflect on current literature innovating establish workflow explaining processes formulation, construction, validation. Furthermore, present non-specialists specialists alike. Accelerating technological host opportunities study extinct organisms. This expanding frontier paleontological research provide more holistic view evolution, natural selection breathing life into record.

Язык: Английский

Fractal-like geometry as an evolutionary response to predation? DOI Creative Commons
Robert Lemanis, Igor Zlotnikov

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(30)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023

Fractal-like, intricate morphologies are known to exhibit beneficial mechanical behavior in various engineering and technological domains. The evolution of fractal-like, internal walls ammonoid cephalopod shells represent one the most clear evolutionary trends toward complexity biology, but driver behind their iterative has remained unanswered since first hypotheses introduced early 1800s. We show a correlation between fractal-like morphology structural stability. Using linear nonlinear computational simulations, we demonstrate that increase septal geometry leads substantial stability entire shell. hypothesize observed tendency is driving force higher septa, providing animals with superior support protection against predation. Resolving adaptational value this unique trait vital fully comprehend morphology, ecological shifts, mass extinctions through Earth's history.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Detecting Mismatch in Functional Narratives of Animal Morphology: A Test Case with Fossils DOI Open Access
Nicholas Hebdon, P. David Polly, David Peterman

и другие.

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 62(3), С. 817 - 828

Опубликована: Май 10, 2022

Synopsis A boom in technological advancements over the last two decades has driven a surge both diversity and power of analytical tools available to biomechanical functional morphology research. However, order adequately investigate each these dense datasets, one must often consider only narrative at time. There is more organism than any form–function relationships. Joint performance landscapes determined by maximum likelihood are valuable tool that can be used synthesize our understanding multiple hypotheses further explore an organism's ecology. We present example framework for applying such problem using morphological transition ammonoids from Middle Triassic Early Jurassic. Across this time interval, morphospace occupation shifts broad across Westermann Morphospace region emphasizing exposed umbilicus modest frontal profile. The hydrodynamic capacities limitations shell have seen intense scrutiny as likely explanation transition. conflicting interpretations remain despite scrutiny, with scant offerings alternative explanations. Our analysis finds measures do little explain shift occupation, highlighting need robust investigation intellectually set aside. With we show consolidating current relationships organism, assess when they insufficiently characterizing dynamics those data being explain. aim encourage broader adoption ideas foundation bring field close comprehensive synthesis reconstruction organisms.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

7
A new index for quantifying the ornamentational complexity of animals with shells DOI Creative Commons

Luyi Miao,

Xu Dai, Hanchen Song

и другие.

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Morphological complexity reflects the biological structure of an organism and is closely linked to its associated functions phylogenetics. In animals with shells, ornamentation important characteristic morphological complexity, it has various functions. However, because variations in type, shape, density, strength ornamentation, a universal quantitative measure for shelled lacking. We propose index (OI) derived from 3D scanning technology virtual model quantifying complexity. This designed extent folding regardless shape size. Ornamentation indices were measured 15 ammonite specimens Permian Cretaceous, 2 modern bivalves, gastropods Pliocene present, echinoid. Compared other measurements, such as fractal dimension, rugosity, surface-volume ratio, OI displayed superiority ornamentational The present study demonstrates that suitable accurately characterizing Therefore, potentially useful comparing organisms can be exploited provide further insight into evolution conchs. Ultimately, enhance our understanding organisms, example, whether shell ornaments simplify under ocean acidification or extinction, how predation pressure reflected

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Osteology and reassessment of Dineobellator notohesperus, a southern eudromaeosaur (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae: Eudromaeosauria) from the latest Cretaceous of New Mexico DOI
Steven E. Jasinski, Robert M. Sullivan,

Aja M. Carter

и другие.

The Anatomical Record, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 306(7), С. 1712 - 1756

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Abstract Dromaeosaurids (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae), a group of dynamic, swift predators, have sparse fossil record, particularly at the end Cretaceous Period. The recently described Dineobellator notohesperus , consisting partial skeleton from Upper (Maastrichtian) New Mexico, is only diagnostic dromaeosaurid to be recovered latest southwestern United States. Reinterpreted and newly material include several caudal vertebrae, portions right radius pubis, an additional ungual, tentatively inferred manual digit III. Unique features, those humerus, unguals, distinguish D . other known dromaeosaurids. This indicates different physical attributes among dromaeosaurids, such as use forearms, strength in hands feet, mobility tail. Several bones holotype exhibit abnormal growth are pathologic features resulting injury or disease. Similar lengths humerus imply Deinonychus were similar size, least regarding length and/or height, although more gracile nature implies was lightly built predator. A new phylogenetic analysis recovers outside previously named clades. Theropod composition Naashoibito Member theropod fauna like found northern Late North American ecosystems. Differences tooth morphologies teeth also not present its environment.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Investigations into 3D-printed nautiloid-inspired pressure housings DOI
Madeline A Karp, Brennan Phillips, Stewart M. Edie

и другие.

Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(6), С. 066015 - 066015

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2023

The shell of the chambered nautilus is one few examples in nature a biologically derived one-atmosphere pressure housing, which animal uses to maintain neutral buoyancy via series sealed chambers. Extant species such asNautilus pompiliuslive at depths from 200 800 m, and similar depth ranges have been hypothesized for their hyper diverse but extinct relatives, ammonoids. Given evolutionary success these molluscan clades, complex morphologies may reveal pressure-tolerant geometries comparable 'ideal' ones currently used deep-sea marine robotics: simple spheres cylinders, minimized surface area volume ratio easier manufacturability. We modeled empirically tested 3D-printed bioinspired housings applications using high resolution stereolithography 3D printing. These designs were on shells ofN. pompiliusand compared conventional with wall thicknesses implodable volumes. Two nautilus-inspired models internal supports designed after septal walls (one concave, convex) had higher-pressure tolerance hollow models, none outperformed spherical same outer-wall thickness. Although outperform housings, methods developed here show that can be printed by additive manufacturing tested. From biological perspective, this method new tool testing viable tolerances coiled cephalopod morphologies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Updating studies of past life and ancient ecologies using defossilized organismal proxies DOI Creative Commons
Erynn H. Johnson, David Peterman,

Aja Carter

и другие.

Frontiers in Earth Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

The fossil record represents the world’s largest historical dataset of biodiversity. However, biomechanical and ecological potential this has been restricted by various unique barriers obstructing experimental study. Fossils are often partial, modified taphonomy, or lacking modern analogs. In past, these confined many studies to descriptive observational techniques. Fortunately, advances in computer modeling, virtual simulations, model fabrication, physical experimentation now allow ancient organisms their biomechanics be studied like never before using “Defossilized Organismal Proxies” (DOPs). Although DOPs forging new approaches integrating ecology, evolutionary biology, bioinspired engineering, application yet identified as a unique, independent methodological approach. We believe that techniques involving will continue revolutionizing paleontology how other related fields interact with draw insights from life’s history. As field moves forward, identifying framework for novel development is essential establishing best practices maximize scientific impact DOP-based experiments. perspective, we reflect on current literature innovating establish workflow explaining processes formulation, construction, validation. Furthermore, present non-specialists specialists alike. Accelerating technological host opportunities study extinct organisms. This expanding frontier paleontological research provide more holistic view evolution, natural selection breathing life into record.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0