Defaunation impacts on the carbon balance of tropical forests

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2024

Abstract The urgent need to mitigate and adapt climate change necessitates a comprehensive understanding of carbon cycling dynamics. Traditionally, global cycle models have focused on vegetation, but recent research suggests that animals can play significant role in dynamics under some circumstances, potentially enhancing the effectiveness nature‐based solutions change. However, links between animals, plants, remain unclear. We explored complex interactions defaunation ecosystem Earth's most biodiverse carbon‐rich biome, tropical rainforests. Defaunation patterns seed dispersal, granivory, herbivory ways alter tree species composition and, therefore, forest above‐ belowground. Most studies we reviewed show reduces storage 0−26% Neo‐ Afrotropics, primarily via population declines large‐seeded, animal‐dispersed trees. Asian forests are not predicted experience changes because their high‐carbon trees wind dispersed. Extrapolating these local effects entire ecosystems implies losses ∼1.6 Pg CO 2 equivalent across Brazilian Atlantic Forest 4−9.2 Amazon over 100 years ∼14.7−26.3 Congo basin 250 years. In addition being hard quantify with precision, highly context dependent; outcomes varied based balance antagonist mutualist interactions, abiotic conditions, human pressure, numerous other factors. A combination experiments, large‐scale comparative studies, mechanistic could help disentangle from anthropogenic forces face incredible complexity systems. Overall, our synthesis emphasizes importance of—and inconsistent results when—integrating animal into models, which is crucial for developing mitigation strategies effective policies.

Язык: Английский

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The utility of dynamic forest structure from GEDI lidar fusion in tropical mammal species distribution models

Frontiers in Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6

Опубликована: Май 12, 2025

Remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring species habitat spatially and temporally. Species distribution models (SDM) often rely on remotely-sensed geospatial datasets to predict probability of occurrence infer preferences. Lidar measurements from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) are shedding light three dimensional forest structure in regions world where this aspect has previously been poorly quantified. Here we combine a large camera trap dataset mammal Borneo Sumatra with diverse set data 47 species. Multi-temporal GEDI predictors were created through fusion Landsat time series, extending back year 2001. The availability these GEDI-based other temporally-resolved predictor variables enabled temporal matching occurrences hindcast predictions at years 2001 2021. Our GEDI-Landsat approach worked well metrics related canopy height (relative 95th percentile returned energy R 2 = 0.62 relative RMSE 41%) but, not surprisingly, was less accurate interior vegetation (e.g., plant area volume density 0 5 m above ground 0.05 85%). For SDM analyses, tested several combinations sets found that when considering pool multiscale predictors, exact composition, whether Fusion included, didn’t have impact generalized linear modeling (GLM) Random Forest (RF) model performance. Adding baseline only meaningfully improved performance some (n 4 RF n 3 GLM). However, used smaller more suitable hindcasting occurrence, SDMs showed meaningful improvements 9 GLM) importance increased they combined set. Moreover, as examined partial dependence, utility evident regards ecological interpretability. We produced catalog maps all mammals 90 spatial resolution 2021, enabling subsequent interpretation conservation analyses.

Язык: Английский

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Whole versus chopped food: the bintu-right way to do it?

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

It remains common practice for zoos to chop animal diets into small pieces, even though there is limited evidence support this practice. important that the purported benefits of chopping food are investigated, determine whether any welfare. This study investigates impact presentation on behaviour binturong (Arctictis binturong), a large Asian viverrid, at Beale Wildlife Park in United Kingdom. For study, was provided three sizes: very finely chopped, and whole preference binturongs investigated alongside time taken keepers prepare diets. There were relatively few behavioural differences when with sizes. Only behaviours, namely feeding, manipulation locomotion significantly more frequent whole, whilst vocalisations less condition. When items large, appeared take item move elsewhere eat, thus moving away from one another, which therefore reduces opportunities aggression or stealing. suggests may have terms reduced monopolisation, especially housed pairs groups. Keepers saved almost five minutes preparing as opposed chopped size. Given potential benefits, plus keeper saved, viable option feeding binturongs.

Язык: Английский

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Shifting shadows: Assessing the habitat and climate change response of binturong (Arctictis binturong) in the conservation landscape of the Asian continent

Ecological Informatics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 85, С. 102941 - 102941

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mesopredators in forest edges

Wildlife Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(3), С. 107 - 118

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Abstract Fragments and edges account for most remaining forest habitats globally. Apex predators megaherbivores often decline in these degraded while smaller generalist omnivores can persist or thrive edges, especially if they utilize nonnative resources (“cross‐boundary food subsidies”). Outcomes small‐medium carnivores (mesopredators) remain unclear idiosyncratic. We tested responses of a widespread common mesopredator to the composition adjacent nonforested areas using 91 camera trapping surveys Southeast Asia. Leopard cats ( Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis ) showed hump‐shaped relationship with cover positive association oil palm plantations, but did not increase near other types land cover. cats' success appears due their hunting abundant rodent prey inside providing natural pest management farmers. Abundant leopard also hunt suppress native small vertebrates, which may trigger negative ecological cascades biodiversity edges.

Язык: Английский

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Identifying remnant biodiversity hotspots in Southern Asia reveals disequilibrium in mammalian communities

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(11), С. 3057 - 3074

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Abstract Identification of highly biodiverse areas has become a crucial step in protecting species richness, especially considering the rapid collapse biodiversity and limited funds available to avert, far less reverse, these trends. Therefore, we aimed identify most important for conservation specified mammalian groups Southern Asia, region rich hotspots threatened by increasing rates habitat loss other anthropogenic activities. To achieve this, modelled occupancy ungulates small, medium large carnivorans at 20 study sites across identified richness. We analysed variation estimated space use between different ranked according their predicted importance conservation. Our results reveal significant positive correlation spatial utilization patterns competitive carnivores, yet no among carnivores prey species, suggesting that impacts are constraining coexist only few remaining suitable areas, superseding interactions guilds. Although rank site varied amongst groups, were able consensus on all considered. Most top-ranking located peninsular Thailand. argue that, assessed, represent refuges region, protection is critical maintenance Asia.

Язык: Английский

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A multi‐scale synthesis of mousedeer habitat associations in Southeast Asia reveals declining abundance but few extirpations in fragments and edges

Austral Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 49(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023

Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation profoundly impact Southeast Asian rainforest biodiversity ecosystem functioning. While many larger herbivores are hunted area‐demanding apex predators lost from degraded forests (logged forests, forest fragments edges), smaller herbivore species may be comparatively resilient or even benefit a release competition predation in forests. Mousedeer (or chevrotains) the Tragulus genus some of world's smallest ungulates (1.5–4.5 kg) widespread Asia. We evaluated mousedeer habitat associations at three spatial scales. At regional scale, presence‐only distribution modelling suggested negatively associated with aridity elevation. landscape variation capture rates among 186 published camera trapping studies degradation local scale (within landscapes), abundance sampled 1218 cameras 10 landscapes analysed hierarchical humans diel activity patterns shifted towards increased nocturnality possibly to avoid interactions diurnal humans. Taken together, prefer wet lowland they persist – but decline habitats near One exception was Singapore where very abundant, likely due absence hunting predators. Our results emphasize that small persisting fragmented rainforests relative intact thus unlikely experiencing significant predation. They also differ omnivorous generalists who experience beneficial foraging opportunities edges. In wildlife has been lost, low densities perpetuate important ecological such as herbivory, seed dispersal, prey for remaining

Язык: Английский

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Observation on Binturong (Arctictis binturong) behaviour and its conservation management practices at Semarang Zoo, Central Java

BIO Web of Conferences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 123, С. 01045 - 01045

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The purpose of the study was to observe behaviour daily and investigate its management practices at Semarang Zoo. Scan sampling used monitor behaviours three solitary binturongs in 3.0 × 1.5 m enclosures which reflected their nature. Diurnal observations revealed that spent over 50% time sleeping resting, consistent with nocturnal habits. A diet papaya, banana, cucumber, chicken meat provided support lives. Management strategies such as enclosure cleaning, freshwater supply, health care every months were implemented. It suggested welfare could be enhanced by adding enrichment activities increasing variety diets. Observations during daylight hours highlighted need for further studies on both diurnal activity patterns. Conservation institutions believed research phylogenetics genetic diversity critical effective species conservation. Based detailed observation analysis, it found significantly improved captive binturongs. These findings provide essential insights into binturong care, development best zoo well ongoing conservation initiatives.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative cardiorespiratory and body temperature effects of ketamine-medetomidine, ketamine-xylazine, and ketamine-xylazine-diazepam anaesthetic protocols on the binturong (Arctictis binturong)

Acta Veterinaria Brno, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 93(4), С. 417 - 424

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Here, we report retrospective data regarding cardiorespiratory and body temperature effects of anaesthetic protocols used on the binturong ( Arctictis ), a viverrid species facing increasing threats from habitat loss illegal trade. Between 2017 2024, 16 (9 females, mass 9.1–19.3 kg; 7 males, 12–18.7 kg) aged 1.5 to 20.5 years were anaesthetised 38 occasions in rescue centre Laos using one three based combinations ketamine plus α2 adrenergic receptor agonists medetomidine (n = 12) and/or xylazine 20) diazepam 6). No anaesthesia-related health problems or deaths observed. Binturong administered different showed no differences time observation first signs sedation (2–7 min) onset deep anaesthesia (3–39 min). Heart rate gradually decreased bradycardia over 75 min with and, while respiratory remained steady, males became hypothermic. Male temperatures even further when injected xylazine. All combined proved safe effective for repeated use. However, hypothermic observed suggest that may be superior Nevertheless, perioperative monitoring management will imperative prevent inadvertent complications. Our findings improve understanding responses have positive implications wildlife veterinarians conservation medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Binturong ecology and conservation in pristine, fragmented and degraded tropical forests—ERRATUM

Oryx, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 58(2), С. 269 - 269

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2023

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Язык: Английский

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