Pathways underlying neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: Focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 35(3), С. 804 - 817

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2010

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and the Central Nervous System

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 360(1), С. 201 - 205

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2016

Biochemical integrity of the brain is vital for normal functioning central nervous system (CNS). One factors contributing to cerebral biochemical impairment a chemical process called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs upon excessive free radical production resulting from an insufficiency counteracting antioxidant response system. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid-rich content, highly susceptible Therefore, stress–induced damage has strong potential negatively impact CNS functions. Although historically been considered be involved mainly in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington Parkinson involvement neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety depression, beginning recognized. This review discussion relevance emotional mental well-being.

Язык: Английский

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Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 97(10), С. 2499 - 2574

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Abstract A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” characterized by low to mild levels oxidants involved in the regulation various biochemical transformations such carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, modulation signal transduction pathways Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2 (Nrf2) other processes. Increased ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result a harmful condition stress (“bad stress”). Although it widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial origin, they share common denominator. Here we review importance mechanisms through which contributes pathological states an organism. Attention focused on chemistry ROS RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), their role damage DNA, proteins, membrane lipids. Quantitative qualitative assessment biomarkers also discussed. Oxidative pathology cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Down syndrome), psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, cancer), aging. The concerted action antioxidants ameliorate effect achieved antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), small molecular weight (vitamins C E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, others). Perhaps one most effective vitamin first line defense against peroxidation promising approach appears be use flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties may boost cellular systems thus act preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds potential pharmaceutical interventions sirtuins therapeutic targets for age-related anti-aging strategies

Язык: Английский

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Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 23(14), С. 1144 - 1170

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2015

Oxidative stress is considered to be an important component of various diseases. A vast number methods have been developed and used in virtually all diseases measure the extent nature oxidative stress, ranging from oxidation DNA proteins, lipids, free amino acids. An increased understanding biology behind redox has led more specific sensitive tools markers, which are very diverse sometimes low abundance. The literature heterogeneous. It often difficult draw general conclusions on significance biomarkers, as only a limited proportion range different biomarkers used, study In addition, measured using nonspecific methods, while methodologies too sophisticated or laborious for routine clinical use. Several markers still represent viable biomarker opportunity However, positive findings with currently need validated larger sample sizes compared current standards establish them diagnostics. realize that nuanced phenomenon characterize, one not necessarily better than others. diversity between conditions taken into account when selecting most appropriate biomarker.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2013

Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role neuroinflammation in psychiatric illness. While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes neuropsychiatric disorders, synaptic encephalitides with psychotic symptoms often go under-recognized. Parallel to link between and autoimmunity diseases, neuroimmunological abnormalities occur classical disorders (for example, major depressive, bipolar, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders). Investigations into pathophysiology these conditions traditionally stressed dysregulation glutamatergic monoaminergic systems, but mechanisms causing neurotransmitter remained elusive. We review human experimental supporting selected disorders. Understanding how psychosocial, genetic, immunological systems interact can reveal clues help target new preventive symptomatic therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Monoamine oxidase inactivation: From pathophysiology to therapeutics

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Год журнала: 2008, Номер 60(13-14), С. 1527 - 1533

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2008

Язык: Английский

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Decreased levels of glutathione, the major brain antioxidant, in post-mortem prefrontal cortex from patients with psychiatric disorders

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 14(01), С. 123 - 130

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2010

Accruing data suggest that oxidative stress may be a factor underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Glutathione (GSH) is free radical scavenger in brain. Diminished GSH levels elevate cellular vulnerability towards stress; characterized by accumulating reactive oxygen species. The aim this study was to determine if mood disorders SCZ are associated with abnormal its functionally related enzymes. Post-mortem prefrontal cortex from patients BD, MDD, SCZ, non-psychiatric comparison controls were provided Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium. Spectrophotometric analysis utilized for quantitative determination GSH, while immunoblotting analyses used examine expression glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL), reductase (GR), peroxidase (GPx). We found reduced, oxidized, total significantly decreased all psychiatric conditions compared control group. Although GCL GR did not differ between groups, GPx reduced MDD subjects. Since damage has been demonstrated our finding post-mortem suggests these patient groups more susceptible stress.

Язык: Английский

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N-Acetyl Cysteine as a Glutathione Precursor for Schizophrenia—A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2008, Номер 64(5), С. 361 - 368

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2008

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Psychological Disorders

Current Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 12(2), С. 140 - 147

Опубликована: Март 11, 2014

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between cellular production of reactive oxygen species and the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms. The brain with its high consumption a lipid-rich environment considered highly susceptible to oxidative or redox imbalances. Therefore, fact that implicated in several mental disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia bipolar disorder, not surprising. Although elegant studies have established link psychiatric causal relationship diseases fully determined. Another critical aspect needs much attention effort our understanding association emotional stress. This review examines some recent discoveries status anxiety, disorder. A discussion published results questions currently exist field regarding also provided.

Язык: Английский

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A review of research trends in physiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental toxicant exposures

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 17(4), С. 389 - 401

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2011

Recent studies have implicated physiological and metabolic abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) other psychiatric disorders, particularly immune dysregulation or inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction environmental toxicant exposures ('four major areas'). The aim of this study was to determine trends the literature on these topics with respect ASD. A comprehensive search from 1971 2010 performed four areas ASD three objectives. First, publications were divided by several criteria, including whether not they an association between abnormality large percentage dysregulation/inflammation (416 out 437 publications, 95%), stress (all 115), (145 153, 95%) (170 190, 89%). Second, strength evidence for each area computed using a validated scale. strongest followed dysfunction. In all areas, at least 45% rated as providing strong Third, time compared neuroimaging, neuropathology, theory mind genetics comparison number per 5-year block eight calculated order identify significant changes trends. Prior 1986, only 12 identified 51 (42 genetics). For period, total combined increased progressively. Most (552 895, 62%) published last 5 years (2006–2010). Evaluation demonstrated that largest relative growth dysregulation/inflammation, exposures, neuroimaging. Research started growing years. Theory neuropathology research has declined recent Although most ASD, publication bias may led overestimation association. Further into provide insight general subset-specific processes could contribute development disorders.

Язык: Английский

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