Post‐traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1), С. 52 - 80

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The understanding of responses to traumatic events has been greatly influenced by the introduction diagnosis post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper we review initial versions diagnostic criteria for condition and associated epidemiological findings, including sociocultural differences. We consider evidence reactions occurring in multiple contexts not previously defined as traumatic, implications that these observations have diagnosis. More recent developments such DSM‐5 dissociative subtype ICD‐11 complex PTSD are reviewed, adding there several distinct phenotypes. describe psychological foundations PTSD, involving disturbances memory well identity. A broader focus on identity may be able accommodate group communal influences experience trauma impact resource loss. then summarize current concerning biological with a particular genetic neuroimaging studies. Whereas progress prevention disappointing, is now an extensive supporting efficacy variety treatments established trauma‐focused interventions – cognitive behavior therapy (TF‐CBT) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) non‐trauma‐focused therapies, which also include some emerging identity‐based approaches present‐centered compassion‐focused therapies. Additionally, promising neither nor pharmacological, or combine pharmacological approach, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐assisted psychotherapy. advances priority areas adapting resource‐limited settings across cultural contexts, community‐based approaches. conclude identifying future directions work mental health.

Язык: Английский

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Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(6), С. 377 - 405

Опубликована: Май 19, 2024

The ability to experience pleasurable sexual activity is important for human health. Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) a common, though frequently stigmatized, activity. Little known about how diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus their treatments affect RAI. Engaging in RAI with gastrointestinal disease can be difficult due unpredictability symptoms treatment-related toxic effects. Patients might sphincter hypertonicity, symptom-specific anxiety, altered pelvic blood flow from structural disorders, decreased sensation cancer-directed therapies or body image issues stoma creation. These result problematic — encompassing anodyspareunia (painful RAI), arousal dysfunction, orgasm dysfunction desire. Therapeutic strategies patients living and/or include floor muscle strengthening stretching, psychological interventions, restorative devices. Providing health-care professionals framework discuss diagnose help improve patient outcomes. Normalizing RAI, affirming pleasure acknowledging that system involved pleasure, function health will transform scientific paradigm one more just equitable. an consideration disorders cancers. This Review discusses anorectum as organ, providing overview itself associated (such surgery) Strategies manage are also described.

Язык: Английский

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The Assessment and Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Autistic People: A Systematic Review

Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Abstract Adverse life events and mental health conditions are unfortunately common amongst autistic adults children; this may present a vulnerability to developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review provides an update of Rumball’s ( Review Journal Autism Developmental Disorders , 6 294–324, 2019) PTSD in individuals identifies 18 new studies published from 2017 2022, reflecting increased research interest populations. Included literature suggests that children experience more severe symptoms compared their non-autistic peers, with at least comparable rates occurrence. We provide comprehensive overview emerging field identify the need for future validate symptom assessment tools treatment strategies investigate unique manifestations trauma-related individuals.

Язык: Английский

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LGBTQ+ status and sex of record in Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: demographics, comorbidities, and outpatient encounters

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

This study aims to analyze differences between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) non-LGBTQ+ Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in terms of demographics, comorbidities, medical care usage, including by sex record, separate analyses for transgender non-transgender Veterans. Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA Welch one-way testing, absolute standardized difference were conducted on a cohort 277,539 diagnosed PTSD. The found significant differences, particularly concerning positive LGBTQ+ status record. There age, marital status, as well pain, mental health, substance use diagnoses. Differences having experienced military sexual trauma, crime, or maltreatment especially significant, increased percentages among individuals, record females. In analyses, there similar Veterans, risks Our findings suggest an intersectionality the context These may help guide future research, policy, interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Virtual Reality Approaches to Trauma‐Based Mental Healthcare

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Chapter Fourteen Virtual Reality Approaches to Trauma-Based Mental Healthcare Gillian Rodriguez, RodriguezSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Jessica Stone, Jessica StoneSearch First published: 10 January 2025 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394278480.ch14 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookxLinkedInRedditWechat Summary As of 2020, millions Americans had been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Currently, the human capacity experience potentially traumatic events continues be tested: COVID-19 pandemic, sociopolitical unrest, and injustice in United States, mass violence events, natural disasters are only few examples global systemic events. Yet everyone who experiences trauma does not develop PTSD, those do, fraction ever receive care symptom management, resolution, healing. that integrate virtual reality (VR) technologies can have powerful roles healing both individuals communities. The use VR process used implement practice all five pillars trauma-informed care: safety, choice, collaboration, trustworthiness, empowerment. This chapter outlines implementation VR-based therapy treatment highlights innovative techniques rooted research also allow flexible clinical adaptation. REFERENCES American Psychiatric Association . ( 2022 ). Diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders 5th ed. text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 Google Scholar Collier , L. 2016 Growth after Monitor on Psychology 47 ), 48 https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/11/growth-trauma EMDR International (n.d.). Overview experiencing EMDRIA https://www.emdria.org/about-emdr-therapy/experiencing-emdr-therapy Foa E. Hembree A. Rothbaum B. O. & Rauch S. M. 2019 Prolonged exposure PTSD: Emotional processing experiences—Therapist guide 2nd Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.001.0001 10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.001.0001 Irvine K. 2017 XR: VR, AR, MR - What's difference? https://www.viget.com/articles/xrvr-ar-mr-whats-the-difference Leeds Madere J. Coy D. Beyond DES-II: Screening dissociative Journal Practice Research 16 25 – 38 https://doi.org/ 10.1891/EMDR-D-21-2021-00019 10.1891/EMDR?D?21?2021?00019 Marchi Travascio Uberti De Micheli Grenzi P. Arcolin Pingani Ferrari Galeazzi G. 2023 Post-traumatic among LGBTQ people: A systematic review meta-analysis Epidemiology Sciences 32 e44 10.1017/S2045796023000586 PubMedGoogle McNally Taggart Shevlin 2021 Trauma people an intellectual disability their implications: scoping Applied Intellectual Disabilities 34 927 949 https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12872 10.1111/jar.12872 PubMedWeb Science®Google Roberts Gilman Breslau N. Koenen C. 2011 Race/ethnic differences development post-traumatic disorder, treatment-seeking States Psychological Medicine 41 1 71 83 10.1017/S0033291710000401 CASPubMedWeb Schnurr R. impact PTSD National Center www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/essentials/epidemiology.asp Watkins Sprang 2018 Treating evidence-based psychotherapy interventions Frontiers Behavioral Neuroscience 12 258 https://doi.org.https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00258 Williamson V. Murphy Phelps Forbes Greenberg Moral injury: effect health implications Lancet Psychiatry 8 6 453 455 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00113-9 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00113-9 Health Reality: Power Immersive Worlds ReferencesRelatedInformation

Язык: Английский

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HIV service use among minoritized racial and ethnic transgender and gender non-conforming youth in the U.S South: a qualitative investigation

AIDS Care, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Transgender youth are disproportionately affected by HIV, particularly minoritized in the US south. To understand HIV service use among transgender youth, we interviewed 25 young racial and ethnic minority clients of four southern community-based organizations (CBOs), CBO staff (n = 12), about access use. Participants were assigned male at birth identified as female 8), 11) or gender-fluid nonbinary 6). The majority Black/African American mixed race; Hispanic Latino/a. Most unemployed; nearly half unstably housed homeless during prior year. Four types each used approximately two-thirds participants: counseling/support, HIV/STD testing/education, pre-exposure prophylaxis education/prescriptions, transgender-related medical services (primarily hormone provision). Just over a quarter social (e.g., housing, employment). Key facilitators to included non-stigmatizing atmosphere, easy convenient access. Poor inconvenient hours, location), lack transportation parking, needs, money barriers. Qualitative reports highlighted unmet especially for those without HIV. reduce disparities, prevention should simultaneously address provision, risk reduction needs.

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging Electronic Health Record Data to Identify Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Veteran Participants in the Pride in All Who Served Program

Medical Care, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

Background: Pride in All Who Served (PRIDE) is an intervention the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) focused on enhancing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) veterans’ access to affirmative care services, social support, engagement with VHA. Evaluation of PRIDE date has self-report data, missing critical opportunities examine impact this program health outcomes utilization indicators detectable electronic record (EHR). Objective: This study first to: (a) comprehensively identify a sample LGBTQ+ veterans who attended PRIDE, (b) describe demographics, conditions, utilization. Research Design: A retrospective cross-sectional was conducted using EHR data staff-reported information (eg, site name, facilitator names, dates delivery). PRIDE-related keywords chart reviews were used validate participation determine final sample. Subjects: We identified 588 participants at 34 VHA sites from 2016 2022. Measures: Demographics age), conditions depression), mental/behavioral visits). Results: Nearly half (47%) women, 75% transgender gender diverse, 37% as lesbian or gay. high proportion had stress-related including depression (63%), hypertension (22%), posttraumatic stress disorder (48%). Conclusions: serves disproportionate number women diverse compared general users. In absence standardized fields, time-intensive methods are required leverage EHRs evaluate programs addressing equity for people.

Язык: Английский

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Group therapy for LGBTQIA+ people within the framework of trauma-informed approach: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 18

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Are We Gatekeeping Trauma? A Conceptual Model to Expand Criterion A for Invisible, Identity-Based, and Systemic Traumas

Social Science & Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 375, С. 118090 - 118090

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Since the inception of criterion A framework into posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis in DSM-III, what qualifies as traumatic has been a fieldwide debate. Historically, social movements coinciding with advances research have spurred improvements definition A, often by expanding breadth experiences that are considered trauma exposure. Contemporary issues ongoing racial discrimination, ethno-violence, public health pandemics, warfare, oppression, and climate change warrant re-examination definition. This critical review builds on prior critiques addresses (1) limitations to current DSM-5 capturing experience minoritized individuals; (2) three categories under-recognized definition; (3) implications clinical practice. We critically disproportionately affect individuals-invisible traumas, identity-based systemic traumas. Evidence date suggests several these rise level being traumatic, associated PTSD symptoms, prevalent among individuals. discuss traumas omitted from call for future work examine diagnostic framework. Overall, this captures which remain undertreated, underdiagnosed, under-represented our psychiatric nosology.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence and best practices for trauma-informed care in gynecologic oncology patients

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(7), С. 1077 - 1088

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

Diagnosing, treating, and managing gynecologic cancer can lead to significant physical emotional stress, which may have lasting effects on a patient's overall health quality of life. The symptoms cancer, such as pain, discomfort, loss function, also contribute distress anxiety. Further, the diagnosis, treatment, surveillance be traumatic due need for invasive exams procedures, especially in women with history sexual assault or other experiences.Women experience various psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, fear recurrence. Trauma-informed care is an approach healthcare that emphasizes recognition response impact trauma trauma-informed acknowledges prior experiences affect mental system unintentionally re-traumatize patients.Implementation improve patient outcomes, increase satisfaction care, reduce risk re-traumatization during treatment follow-up care. Therefore, oncology providers should become familiar principles practices implement screening tools identify patients who benefit from additional support referrals services. This review will explore importance its outcomes. we discuss evidence-based strategies

Язык: Английский

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