Magnetic Microswarm and Fluoroscopy‐Guided Platform for Biofilm Eradication in Biliary Stents

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 34(34)

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2022

Biofilm eradication from medical implants is of fundamental importance, and the treatment biofilm-associated pathogen infections on inaccessible biliary stents remains challenging. Magnetically driven microrobots with controlled motility, accessibility to tiny lumen, swarm enhancement effects can physically disrupt deleterious biostructures while not developing drug resistance. Magnetic urchin-like capsule robots (MUCRs) loaded magnetic liquid metal droplets (MLMDs, antibacterial agents) are designed using natural sunflower pollen, therapeutic effect swarming MUCR@MLMDs explored for eradicating complex mixtures bacterial biofilm within collected patients. The external field triggers emergence microswarm induces MLMDs transform their shape into spheroids rods sharp edges. inherent microspikes MUCRs obtained edges actively rupture dense biological matrix multiple species embedded cells by exerting mechanical force, finally achieving synergistic eradication. precisely rapidly deployed stent via endoscopy in 10 min. Notably, fluoroscopy imaging used track navigate locomotion real-time. has great potential treating associated implants.

Язык: Английский

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Real-Time Ultrasound Doppler Tracking and Autonomous Navigation of a Miniature Helical Robot for Accelerating Thrombolysis in Dynamic Blood Flow

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 604 - 616

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Untethered small-scale robots offer great promise for medical applications in complex biological environments. However, challenges remain the control and imaging of a robot targeted delivery inside living body, especially flowing conditions (e.g., blood vessels). In this work, we report strategy to autonomously navigate miniature helical dynamic flow under ultrasound Doppler guidance. A magnetic torque force-hybrid approach is implemented, enabling actuation millimeter-scale against rotating field with controllable gradient. Experimental results demonstrate that (length 7.30 mm; diameter 2.15 mm) exhibits controlled navigation vascular environments, including upstream downstream pulsatile rates up 24 mL/min (mean velocity: 14.15 mm/s). During navigation, robot-induced signals enable real-time localization tracking Moreover, can be selectively navigated along different paths by actively controlling robot's orientation. We apply autonomous localizing thrombus accelerating thrombolysis rate. Compared conventional tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis, robot-enhanced shear stress tPA convection near clot-blood interface increase unblocking efficiency 4.8- 3.5-fold, respectively. Such imaging-guided provides simultaneous providing an intelligent toward diagnostic vivo.

Язык: Английский

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Swarming self-adhesive microgels enabled aneurysm on-demand embolization in physiological blood flow

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(19)

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

The recent rise of swarming microrobotics offers great promise in the revolution minimally invasive embolization procedure for treating aneurysm. However, targeted treatment aneurysm using microrobots has significant challenges delivery capability and filling controllability. Here, we develop an interventional catheterization-integrated microrobotic platform on-demand physiological blood flow. A pH-responsive self-healing hydrogel doped with magnetic imaging agents is developed as embolic microgels, which enables long-term self-adhesion under biological condition a controllable manner. strategy initiated by catheter-assisted deployment followed application external field aggregation into sac real-time guidance ultrasound fluoroscopy imaging. Mild acidic stimulus applied to trigger welding microgels satisfactory bio-/hemocompatibility physical stability realize complete embolization. Our work presents promising connection between design control swarms toward practical applications dynamic environments.

Язык: Английский

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Tracking and navigation of a microswarm under laser speckle contrast imaging for targeted delivery

Science Robotics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(87)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Micro/nanorobotic swarms consisting of numerous tiny building blocks show great potential in biomedical applications because their collective active delivery ability, enhanced imaging contrast, and environment-adaptive capability. However, vivo real-time tracking micro/nanorobotic remain a challenge, considering the limited size spatial-temporal resolution current modalities. Here, we propose strategy that enables navigation microswarm stagnant flowing blood environments by using laser speckle contrast (LSCI), featuring full-field imaging, high temporal-spatial resolution, noninvasiveness. The change dynamic convection induced can be quantitatively investigated analyzing perfusion unit (PU) distribution, offering an alternative approach to investigate swarm behavior its interaction with various environments. Both surrounding environment were monitored imaged LSCI real time, images further analyzed for simultaneous complex vascular system. Moreover, our realized vivo, showing promising LSCI-guided

Язык: Английский

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Advanced materials for micro/nanorobotics

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(18), С. 9190 - 9253

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the forefront next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems predominantly constructed using functional components sourced from micro- and nanoscale materials; therefore, combining them with various advanced materials represents a pivotal direction toward achieving higher level intelligence multifunctionality. This review provides comprehensive overview for innovative micro/nanorobotics, focusing on five families that have witnessed most rapid advancements over last decade: two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, polymers, biological cells. Their unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, properties been integrated into to achieve greater maneuverability, programmability, intelligence, multifunctionality in collective behaviors. The design fabrication methods hybrid discussed based material categories. In addition, their promising potential powering motion and/or (multi-)functionality is described fundamental principles underlying explained. Finally, extensive use variety applications, including environmental remediation, (bio)sensing, therapeutics,

Язык: Английский

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Collective Behaviors of Active Matter Learning from Natural Taxes Across Scales

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2022

Taxis orientation is common in microorganisms, and it provides feasible strategies to operate active colloids as small-scale robots. Collective taxes involve numerous units that collectively perform taxis motion, whereby the collective cooperation between individuals enables group efficiently, adaptively, robustly. Hence, analyzing designing collectives crucial for developing advancing microswarm toward practical or clinical applications. In this review, natural behaviors are categorized synthetic microrobotic discussed bio-inspired realizations, aiming at closing gap of living creatures those functional microswarms. As emerge within a group, global external stimuli guides conduct overall tasks, whereas local induces synchronization patterns. By encoding orientations programming stimuli, various paradigms can be introduced coordinating controlling such microrobots, from viewpoints fundamental science Therefore, by discussing key points difficulties associated with different paradigms, review potentially offers insights into mimicking constructing intelligent systems on-demand control preassigned tasks.

Язык: Английский

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Fully Recyclable, Healable, Soft, and Stretchable Dynamic Polymers for Magnetic Soft Robots

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(31)

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023

Abstract Magnetic soft robots capable of wirelessly controlled programmable deformation and locomotion are desirable for diverse applications. Such multi‐variable actuation ideally requires a polymer matrix with well‐defined range softness stretchability (Young's modulus 0.1–10 MPa, high >200%). However, this defined mechanical excludes most candidates, leaving only limited number available polymers (e.g., PDMS, Ecoflex) covalently cross‐linked networks that may lead to non‐recyclable further potential threats environment. Herein, based on the synergistic effects reduced cross‐linking density intermolecular hydrogen bonding, dynamic covalent polyimine is newly designed as magnetic microparticles fillers, integrate stretchability, full chemical recyclability, rapid room‐temperature healability multimodal into single robot. The stretchable enough process in various geometries by simple laser cutting, without need pre‐design geometry suit target scenarios. Through cyclic depolymerization/repolymerization, recycling restores 100% robots’ properties deformability/mobility their original level within seconds heals quickly minutes when damaged, facilitating ideal material economy

Язык: Английский

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Swarming Responsive Photonic Nanorobots for Motile-Targeting Microenvironmental Mapping and Mapping-Guided Photothermal Treatment

Nano-Micro Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

Abstract Micro/nanorobots can propel and navigate in many hard-to-reach biological environments, thus may bring revolutionary changes to biomedical research applications. However, current MNRs lack the capability collectively perceive report physicochemical unknown microenvironments. Here we propose develop swarming responsive photonic nanorobots that map local conditions on fly further guide localized photothermal treatment. The RPNRs consist of a nanochain periodically-assembled magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles encapsulated hydrogel shell, show multiple integrated functions, including energetic magnetically-driven motions, bright stimuli-responsive structural colors, conversion. Thus, they actively complex environments utilizing their controllable then visualize targets (e.g., tumor lesion) by mapping out abnormal pH, temperature, or glucose concentration) via external light irradiation initiate This work facilitates development intelligent motile nanosensors versatile multifunctional nanotheranostics for cancer inflammatory diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Micro/Nanorobotic Swarms: From Fundamentals to Functionalities

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(14), С. 12971 - 12999

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the principles of natural swarms and leverage them for creating artificial swarms. To date, underlying physics; techniques actuation, navigation, control; field-generation systems; a research community now place. This Review reviews fundamental applications micro/nanorobotic The generation mechanisms emergent micro/nanoagents identified over past elucidated. advantages drawbacks different techniques, existing control systems, major challenges, potential prospects discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Swarming magnetic photonic‐crystal microrobots with on‐the‐fly visual pH detection and self‐regulated drug delivery

InfoMat, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(10)

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2023

Abstract Swarming magnetic micro/nanorobots hold great promise for biomedical applications, but at present suffer from inferior capabilities to perceive and respond chemical signals in local microenvironments. Here we demonstrate swarming photonic‐crystal microrobots (PC‐bots) capable of spontaneously performing on‐the‐fly visual pH detection self‐regulated drug delivery by perceiving changes. The PC‐bots consist pH‐responsive hydrogel microspheres with encapsulated one‐dimensional periodic assemblies Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. By programming external rotating fields, they can self‐organize into large swarms much‐enhanced collective velocity actively find targets while shining bright “blinking” structural colors. When approaching the target abnormal conditions (e.g., an ulcerated superficial tumor lesion), visualize changes on fly via colors, realize release loaded drugs recognizing pH. This work facilitates development intelligent active “motile‐targeting” diagnosis treatment. image

Язык: Английский

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