arXiv (Cornell University),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Scientists
have
long
speculated
about
the
potential
habitability
of
Venus,
not
at
700K
surface,
but
in
cloud
layers
located
48-60
km
altitudes,
where
temperatures
match
those
found
on
Earth's
surface.
However,
prevailing
belief
has
been
that
Venus'
clouds
cannot
support
life
due
to
chemical
composition
concentrated
sulfuric
acid-a
highly
aggressive
solvent.
In
this
work,
we
study
20
biogenic
amino
acids
range
acid
concentrations
(81%
and
98%
w/w,
rest
water)
temperatures.
We
find
19
tested
are
either
unreactive
(13
w/w
12
81%
w/w)
or
chemically
modified
side
chain
only,
after
4
weeks.
Our
major
finding,
therefore,
is
backbone
remains
intact
acid.
These
findings
significantly
broaden
biologically
relevant
molecules
could
be
components
a
biochemistry
based
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(7), С. 1371 - 1371
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023
The
coordinating
role
of
nuclear
factor
erythroid-2-related
2
(Nrf2)
in
cellular
function
is
undeniable.
Evidence
indicates
that
this
transcription
exerts
massive
regulatory
functions
multiple
signaling
pathways
concerning
redox
homeostasis
and
xenobiotics,
macromolecules,
iron
metabolism.
Being
the
master
regulator
antioxidant
system,
Nrf2
controls
fate,
influencing
cell
proliferation,
differentiation,
apoptosis,
resistance
to
therapy,
senescence
processes,
as
well
infection
disease
success.
Because
key
coordinator
defence
mechanisms,
dysregulation
its
has
been
associated
with
carcinogenic
phenomena
infectious
age-related
diseases.
Deregulation
cytoprotective
system
may
also
interfere
immune
response.
Oxidative
burst,
one
main
microbicidal
could
be
impaired
during
initial
phagocytosis
pathogens,
which
lead
successful
establishment
promote
susceptibility
There
still
a
knowledge
gap
fill
regarding
molecular
mechanisms
by
orchestrates
such
complex
networks
involving
pathways.
This
review
describes
non-pathogenic
pathogenic
cells.
ACS Nano,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
17(18), С. 18421 - 18432
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2023
Inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD)
is
one
of
the
main
factors
leading
to
colitis-associated
colorectal
cancer
(CAC).
Therefore,
it
critical
develop
an
effective
treatment
for
IBD
prevent
secondary
carcinogenesis.
M2
macrophages
play
crucial
roles
in
resolution
phase
intestinal
inflammation.
However,
traditional
drugs
rarely
target
macrophages,
and
they
are
not
easily
cleared.
Gold
nanoclusters
known
their
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(5), С. 2805 - 2838
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024
Post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
endow
proteins
with
new
properties
to
respond
environmental
changes
or
growth
needs.
With
the
development
of
advanced
proteomics
techniques,
hundreds
distinct
types
PTMs
have
been
observed
in
a
wide
range
from
bacteria,
archaea,
and
eukarya.
To
identify
roles
these
PTMs,
scientists
applied
various
approaches.
However,
high
dynamics,
low
stoichiometry,
crosstalk
between
make
it
almost
impossible
obtain
homogeneously
modified
for
characterization
site-specific
effect
individual
PTM
on
target
proteins.
solve
this
problem,
genetic
code
expansion
(GCE)
strategy
has
introduced
into
field
studies.
Instead
modifying
after
translation,
GCE
incorporates
amino
acids
during
thus
generating
site-specifically
at
positions.
In
review,
we
summarize
systems
orthogonal
translation
installation
PTMs.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(4), С. 1683 - 1700
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Background:
Pancreatic
ductal
adenocarcinoma
(PDAC)
is
an
insidious,
rapidly
progressing
malignancy
of
the
gastrointestinal
tract.Due
to
its
dense
fibrous
stroma
and
complex
tumor
microenvironment,
neither
which
sensitive
radiotherapy,
pancreatic
one
malignancies
with
poorest
prognosis.Therefore,
detailed
elucidation
inhibitory
microenvironment
PDAC
essential
for
development
novel
therapeutic
strategies.Methods:
We
analyzed
association
between
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs)
resistance
ferroptosis
in
using
conditioned
CAF
medium
co-culture
cancer
cells.Abnormal
cysteine
metabolism
was
observed
CAFs
non-targeted
metabolomics
analysis
liquid
chromatography-tandem
mass
spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS).The
regulatory
effects
were
investigated
cells
through
measurement
cell
cloning,
death,
function,
EdU
assays.The
exogenous
intake
examined
a
mouse
xenograft
model
pathway
on
by
western
blotting,
glutathione
reactive
oxygen
species
levels,
among
others.Results:
It
found
that
played
critical
role
secreting
cysteine,
could
increase
ferroptosis.A
previously
unrecognized
function
sulfur
transfer
identified,
increased
extracellular
supply
support
synthesis
thus
inducing
resistance.Cysteine
secretion
be
mediated
TGF-β/SMAD3/ATF4
signaling
axis.
Conclusion:Taken
together,
findings
demonstrate
metabolic
relationship
cells,
generated
acts
as
substrate
prevention
oxidative
damage
suggests
new
targets
PDAC.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(6), С. 697 - 697
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024
Glutathione
(GSH),
a
prominent
antioxidant
in
organisms,
exhibits
diverse
biological
functions
and
is
crucial
safeguarding
cells
against
oxidative
harm
upholding
stable
redox
milieu.
The
metabolism
of
GSH
implicated
numerous
diseases,
particularly
the
progression
malignant
tumors.
Consequently,
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
regulation
synthesis
to
modulate
levels
represent
promising
avenue
for
future
research.
This
study
aimed
elucidate
intricate
relationship
between
ferroptosis,
highlighting
how
modulation
can
impact
cellular
susceptibility
ferroptosis
consequently
influence
development
tumors
other
diseases.
paper
provides
comprehensive
overview
physiological
GSH,
including
its
structural
characteristics,
physicochemical
properties,
sources,
metabolic
pathways,
as
well
investigate
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
potential
interventions.
Unraveling
role
holds
promise
individuals
afflicted
with
The Plant Cell,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(10), С. 4511 - 4534
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024
Elevated
temperatures
impair
pollen
performance
and
reproductive
success,
resulting
in
lower
crop
yields.
The
tomato
(Solanum
lycopersicum)
anthocyanin
reduced
(are)
mutant
harbors
a
mutation
FLAVANONE
3-HYDROXYLASE
(F3H),
impaired
flavonol
antioxidant
biosynthesis.
are
has
seed
set
relative
to
the
VF36
parental
line,
phenotypes
that
accentuated
at
elevated
temperatures.
Transformation
of
with
wild-type
F3H
gene,
or
chemical
complementation
flavonols,
prevented
temperature-dependent
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
accumulation
restored
viability,
germination,
tube
elongation
levels.
Overexpression
temperature-driven
ROS
increases
performance,
revealing
biosynthesis
promotes
thermotolerance.
Although
stigmas
had
levels,
growth
tubes
was
similarly
both
pistils.
RNA-seq
performed
optimal
stress
are,
VF36,
overexpression
line
multiple
timepoints
across
elongation.
number
differentially
expressed
genes
increased
over
time
under
all
genotypes,
greatest
are.
These
findings
suggest
potential
agricultural
interventions
combat
negative
effects
heat-induced
lead
failure.
