Manipulating sensitivities of planar oxadiazole‐based high performing energetic materials

Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(3), С. 506 - 513

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Nitrogen‐rich energetic materials based on five‐membered azoles, such as tetrazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, pyrazoles, and imidazoles, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their environmental compatibility while maintaining high performance. These materials, including explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, are designed release energy rapidly efficiently minimizing the of toxic or hazardous byproducts attracted potential applications defense space industries. The presence extensive NC, NN, NN bonds azoles provides enthalpies formation facilitates intermolecular interactions through π‐stacking which may help with reducing sensitivity external stimuli. Now, we report synthesis properties N ‐(5‐(1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)nitramide ( 5 ) its salts. new nitrogen–oxygen‐containing attractive feature insensitivity increased

Язык: Английский

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Molecule Empowerment and Crystal Desensitization: A Multilevel Structure–Property Analysis toward Designing High-Energy Low-Sensitivity Layered Energetic Materials

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(36), С. 47429 - 47442

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024

Layered energetic materials (LEMs) can effectively balance energy and mechanical sensitivity, making them a current research focus in the field of materials. However, influence layered stacking pattern on impact sensitivity is still unclear, leading to lack advanced design strategies for high-energy low-sensitivity LEMs. Herein, we first utilize novel indicators such as maximum plane separation hydrogen bond dimension perform high-throughput screening over 106 candidate structures, resulting 17 target crystals. A systematic analysis was then conducted relationships between dissociation (BDE) weakest energy-storing at molecular level, intralayer (HBE), sliding barrier (SEB) crystal level with sensitivity. The findings suggest that material have low only if least two three properties well, interlayer resistance be reduced by enhancing intermolecular interactions, which reasonably explains experimental phenomena. More importantly, developed prediction model LEMs coefficient determination 0.88. Additionally, factors affecting HBE SEB were identified, linear established based molecular-level feature variables. Finally, new strategy designing proposed, namely, empowerment scale desensitization scale. This study integrates screening, multilevel structure–property relationship analysis, mathematical construction, offering perspectives development

Язык: Английский

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π-π2max: Bridging Molecular Characteristics to Crystal Packing in Nitro-Containing Two-Dimensional Energetic Materials

Defence Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A Method for a Diamino Tricyclic Fused-Ring Energetic Material with Enhanced Stability

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2025

Although dinitroimino compounds I-V exhibit excellent detonation performance, their poor stability (Td < 200 °C) limits applications. In this study, a novel tricyclic fused skeleton was obtained using rare one-pot strategy involving condensation, cyclization, and an intramolecular cyclization. Dinitroimino derivative 5 demonstrates superior performance (Dv = 9023 m s-1, P 33.9 GPa) improved 235 compared to those of reported RDX 204 °C).

Язык: Английский

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An advanced zwitterionic compound based on dinitropyrazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole: Combining the high detonation performances and low sensitivities

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 460, С. 141654 - 141654

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis of Heat-Resistant and Low-Sensitivity Energetic Materials Based on Hydrazine Bridge Linkage

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(11), С. 8197 - 8203

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2023

In this work, a combination of vicinal amino–nitro groups and the hydrazine bridge was developed to synthesize two insensitive heat-resistant energetic compounds 2,2′-hydrazo-bis(2-amino-3,5-dinitropyridine) (2) 2,2′-hydrazo-bis(4-amino-3,5-dinitropyridine) (4) through simple method. The structures compound 2 4 were adequately characterized by NMR (1H 13C), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy. Notably, possesses thermal stability (Td = 350 °C) higher than that 2-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) ethene (HNS) 318 comparable 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) °C). Moreover, possess energy level (2: D 8759 m s–1, P: 34.1 GPa) HNS (7612 24.3 TATB (8114 31.4 GPa). These consequences indicate has potential applications as an explosive.

Язык: Английский

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Anions as Lewis Acids in Noncovalent Bonds

Chemistry - A European Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2024

The ability of an anion to serve as electron-accepting Lewis acid in a noncovalent bond is assessed via DFT calculations. NH

Язык: Английский

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Why Hexanitrobenzene (HNB) Molecules Are Parallelly Stacked along Their Benzene Ring Planes

Crystal Growth & Design, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(18), С. 7704 - 7711

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

Understanding the molecular structure-crystal packing structure relationship is one of core objectives crystal engineering. Hexanitrobenzene (HNB) a sensitive high-energy compound and presents surprising stacking structure, i.e., parallel along their benzene ring planes in seems counterintuitive. HNB molecules each contain six NO2 central frame surrounded by feature same sign-charged edge. Given electrostatic repulsion among groups adjacent crystal, it can hardly make stacking, as observed experimentally. In present work, we confirm that twist exposure around edge are responsible for aforementioned pattern. Thereon, negative positive potential (ESP) regions alternately occur, belonging to exposed frame, respectively. It satisfies necessary requirement intralayer arrangement, alternate distribution ESP on Meanwhile, n−π interaction NO2·benzene governs interlayer intermolecular interactions. This work expected enrich insight into relationships.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the Driving Forces in Low-Sensitivity and High-Energy Materials by Data Mining: Insights into Π-Hole Interactions

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

To achieve crystal design of advanced energetic materials (EM) with high-energy and low-sensitivity properties, a deep understanding intermolecular interactions is crucial trend. The π-hole act as significant type force besides hydrogen bonds (HBs) π-π stacking interactions, but seldomly reported in the studies EMs. An data mining investigation more than 2000 EM crystals was conducted this work to figure out influences interaction on packing related performances. results show that can be discovered for about 80% EMs density greater 1.7 g/cm3, indicating direct correlation high energy property π-hole. directivity employed identify models planar energetics low sensitivities. Hence, revealed moderate strength (up 6 kcal/mol sometime) could most crystals, we proposed correspondingly two essential conditions form view topology electronic structures. represented herein help enhance cognition bring new perspective creating based interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the driving forces in low-sensitivity and high-energy materials by data mining: Insights into π-hole interactions

Fuel, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 358, С. 130286 - 130286

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

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