Abstract
Cracking
caused
by
aging
or
repeated
bending
can
severely
affect
the
lifetime
of
electrochromic
devices.
In
this
work,
a
self‐healing
hydrogel
was
developed
with
poly
(vinyl
alcohol)
(PVA)‐sodium
carboxymethyl
chitosan
(SCC)
semi‐inter
transfer
network
as
matrix,
viologen
bromide
(HPV
2+
2Br
−
)
substance,
and
borax
cross‐linking
agent.
The
properties
stem
from
dynamic
reversible
borate
bonds
between
PVA
molecular
chains.
As
voltage
changes,
color
device
transitions
colorless
to
light
purple
then
dark
purple.
optical
contrast
at
600
nm
reaches
approximately
51
%.
At
room
temperature,
disconnected
fully
restore
its
original
state
after
30
minutes
contact,
effectively
addressing
issues
related
cracks
damage
in
flexible
This
research
holds
significant
implications
for
enhancing
reliability
stability
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024
Abstract
Conductive
hydrogels
have
emerged
as
fascinating
materials
for
flexible
electronics
because
of
their
integrated
conductivity,
mechanical
flexibility,
and
the
possibility
to
introduce
several
smart
functions.
However,
swelling
in
aqueous
environments
significantly
reduces
applicability
where
contact
with
water
is
unavoidable.
In
this
study,
a
physically
cross‐linked
composite
hydrogel
proposed,
that
transparent,
highly
stretchable,
anti‐swelling,
capable
autonomous
self‐healing,
adhesive,
anti‐freezing.
The
synthesized
through
simple
one‐step
photopolymerization
novel
deep
eutectic
solvent
(DES)/water
system.
Dynamic
physical
interactions,
including
hydrophobic
interaction,
hydrogen
bonding,
electrostatic
confer
remarkable
transparency
(92%),
self‐healing
capability
(up
94%),
good
adhesion
wide
array
substrates
(91
199
kPa),
high
toughness
(1.46
MJ
m
−3
),
excellent
elongation
at
break
2064%),
resistance
(equilibrium
ratio
3%
30
days)
even
solutions
different
pH
(pH
1–11),
other
solvents.
incorporation
DES
contributes
exceptional
anti‐freezing
performance.
transparent
sensor
achieves
multifunctional
sensing
human
motion
detection
sensitivity
stability.
Notably,
demonstrates
information
transmission
underwater
stretching
pressing,
showcasing
its
immense
potential
devices.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(12), С. 7288 - 7300
Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2024
Metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
are
widely
applied
in
various
fields,
including
energy
storage,
drug
delivery,
wastewater
treatment,
and
much
more.
However,
their
use
hydrogels
is
limited
due
to
low
dispersion
which
causes
agglomeration
the
hydrogel
network
many
properties
of
sacrifices.
Similarly,
conductive
have
emerged
as
a
promising
material
for
skin-like
sensors
excellent
biocompatibility
mechanical
flexibility.
like
MOFs,
also
face
challenges
such
stretchability,
toughness,
susceptibility
fatigue,
resulting
sensing
range
large
response
time-reduced
durability
sensors.
In
this
study,
highly
stretchable,
tough,
antifatigue
composite
poly(dodecyl
methacrylate-acrylamide-2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl
trimethylammonium
chloride)
bimetallic
metal–organic
framework
[p(DA-AM-AETAC)BM-MOF]
was
developed
by
integrating
BM-MOFs
into
it.
To
achieve
uniform
within
network,
positively
charged
surfactant,
ethyl
hexadecyl
dimethylammonium
bromide,
used.
It
facilitates
formation
hydrophobic
interactions
between
matrix
surface
BM-MOFs.
Furthermore,
it
can
interact
with
surfactant
polymer
chains
through
physical
interactions,
significantly
enhancing
hydrogel.
The
BM-MOF-based
exhibited
impressive
stretchability
(1588%)
toughness
(537
kJ
m–3),
along
exceptional
properties.
Moreover,
demonstrated
high
conductivity
1.3
S/m
tensile
strain
sensitivity
ranging
from
0.5
700%
gauge
factor
14.8
at
response–recovery
195–145
ms.
p(DA-AM-AETAC)BM-MOF
displayed
sensitive,
reliable,
repetitive
detection
wide
human
activities,
wrist
elbow
rotation,
finger
bending,
swallowing
motion,
speaking,
well
handwriting
drawing.
monitor
pressure
mimic
skin.
This
highlights
potential
wearable
strain,
pressure,
artificial
skin
flexible
devices.
ACS Sensors,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(10), С. 5322 - 5332
Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024
Hydrogels
based
on
borate
ester
bonds
exhibit
remarkable
tensile
strength
and
self-healing
ability,
which
make
them
a
promising
material
for
various
biological
research
strain
sensor
applications.
However,
in
order
to
meet
the
practical
application
of
hydrogel
sensors,
they
must
also
show
high
conductivity,
frost
resistance,
proper
adhesion,
is
still
continuous
challenge.
Herein,
triple
network
was
prepared
using
poly(vinyl
alcohol)
(PVA)
as
first
network,
ethylene
imine
polymer
(PEI)
second
poly(acrylamide-
Journal of Materials Chemistry B,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(25), С. 6190 - 6202
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Metal
organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
have
garnered
significant
attention
in
the
development
of
stretchable
and
wearable
conductive
hydrogels
for
flexible
transducers.
However,
MOFs
used
hydrogel
networks
been
hampered
by
low
mechanical
performance
poor
dispersibility
aqueous
solutions,
which
affect
hydrogels,
including
toughness,
limited
self-recovery,
short
working
ranges,
conductivity,
prolonged
response-recovery
times.
To
address
these
shortcomings,
a
novel
approach
was
adopted
micelle
co-polymerization
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(16), С. 9940 - 9951
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
Flexible
and
strain-sensing
smart
materials
have
received
significant
attention
from
researchers
due
to
their
potential
use
in
human
motion
detection,
soft
robotics,
epidermis
sensors,
energy
storage
devices,
etc.
However,
low
mechanical
strength,
range
sensitivity,
high
time
response,
antifatigue
resistance
hampered
the
application
of
previously
fabricated
materials.
Herein,
a
malonic
acid
(MA)-reinforced
hydrogel
was
prepared
through
one-pot-free
radical
polymerization,
which
MA
makes
bridge
by
connecting
hydrophobically
associated
polyacrylamide
(PAmm)
polydodecyl
methacrylate
(PDDMA)
physical
cross-linking.
Ethyl-hexadecyl
dimethylammonium
bromide
(EHDDAB),
cationic
surfactant,
is
used
ensure
formation
micelles.
The
micelles
polymer
chains
are
bridged
via
interactions
electrostatic
charge
enhanced
dicarboxylic
groups
present
on
molecules.
Notable
strength
observed
for
MA4
with
2102%
strain,
2.36
MPa
stress,
excellent
cyclic
stability.
At
500%
suggests
sensitivity
tensile
as
indicated
its
gauge
factor
6.9
fast
response
recovery
time.
Meanwhile,
ionic
conductivity
after
addition
LiCl
calculated
0.20
S/m.
Furthermore,
practical
applications
were
detection
different
motions
like
finger
bending,
wrist
movement,
elbow
knee
movements.
Similarly,
small
physiological
larynx
vibration
detected
speaking,
coughing,
drinking
water.
an
electronic
pen
showed
responses
multiple
languages
both
speaking
writing.
MA-regulated
hydrogels
show
possibility
flexible
many
applications,
including
touch
screens,
biomedical
monitoring,
robotic
devices.
