3d Transition Metals for C–H Activation

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 119(4), С. 2192 - 2452

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2018

C–H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given cost-effective sustainable nature earth-abundant first row metals, development less toxic, inexpensive 3d catalysts gained considerable recent momentum a significantly more environmentally-benign economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide comprehensive overview on until summer 2018.

Язык: Английский

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Visible‐Light Photocatalysis: Does It Make a Difference in Organic Synthesis?

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 57(32), С. 10034 - 10072

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2018

Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved over the last decade into a widely used method in organic synthesis. Photocatalytic variants have been reported for many important transformations, such as cross-coupling reactions, α-amino functionalizations, cycloadditions, ATRA or fluorinations. To help chemists select photocatalytic methods their synthesis, we compare this Review classical and procedures selected classes of reactions highlight advantages limitations. In cases, proceed under milder reaction conditions, typically at room temperature, stoichiometric reagents are replaced by simple oxidants reductants, air, oxygen, amines. Does visible-light make difference synthesis? The prospect shuttling electrons back forth to substrates intermediates selectively transfer energy through visible-light-absorbing photocatalyst holds promise improve current radical chemistry open up new avenues accessing reactive species hitherto unknown, especially merging with organo- metal catalysis.

Язык: Английский

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A comprehensive overview of directing groups applied in metal-catalysed C–H functionalisation chemistry

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 47(17), С. 6603 - 6743

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

The present review is devoted to summarizing the recent advances (2015-2017) in field of metal-catalysed group-directed C-H functionalisation. In order clearly showcase molecular diversity that can now be accessed by means directed functionalisation, whole organized following directing groups installed on a substrate. Its aim comprehensive reference work, where specific group easily found, together with transformations which have been carried out it. Hence, primary format this schemes accompanied concise explanatory text, are ordered sections according their chemical structure. feature typical substrates used, products obtained as well required reaction conditions. Importantly, each example commented respect most important positive features and drawbacks, aspects such selectivity, substrate scope, conditions, removal, greenness. targeted readership both experts functionalisation chemistry (to provide overview progress made last years) and, even more so, all organic chemists who want introduce way thinking for design straightforward, efficient step-economic synthetic routes towards molecules interest them. Accordingly, should particular also scientists from industrial R&D sector. overall goal promote application reactions outside research dedicated method development establishing it valuable archetype contemporary R&D, comparable role cross-coupling play date.

Язык: Английский

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Electrochemical strategies for C–H functionalization and C–N bond formation

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 47(15), С. 5786 - 5865

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

This review provides an overview of the use electrochemistry as appealing platform for expediting carbon–hydrogen functionalization and carbon–nitrogen bond formation.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanochemistry as an emerging tool for molecular synthesis: what can it offer?

Chemical Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(12), С. 3080 - 3094

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

Mechanochemistry is becoming more widespread as a technique for molecular synthesis with new mechanochemical reactions being discovered at increasing frequency. This perspective explores what it can offer, aside from the clear benefit of reduced solvent consumption.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in C–H Functionalization Using Electrochemical Transition Metal Catalysis

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(8), С. 7179 - 7189

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2018

Electrochemical transition metal catalysis is a powerful strategy for organic synthesis because it obviates the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants and reductants. C–H bond functionalization offers variety useful conversions simple ubiquitous molecules into diverse functional groups in single synthetic operation. This review summarizes recent progress merging electrochemistry with metal-catalyzed functionalization, specifically C–C, C–X (halogen), C–O, C–P, C–N formation.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in the synthesis of axially chiral biarylsviatransition metal-catalysed asymmetric C–H functionalization

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 55(59), С. 8514 - 8523

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

Recent advances in the synthesis of axially chiral biarylsviatransition metal-catalysed asymmetric C–H functionalization are reported.

Язык: Английский

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Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht: Welche Bedeutung hat sie für die organische Synthese?

Angewandte Chemie, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 130(32), С. 10188 - 10228

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2018

Abstract Die Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt zu einer breit angewandten Methode in der organischen Synthese entwickelt. Für viele wichtige Reaktionen, wie Kreuzkupplungen, α‐Amino‐Funktionalisierungen, Cycloadditionen, ATRA‐Reaktionen oder Fluorierungen, wurden photokatalytische Varianten berichtet. Um Chemiker bei Auswahl photokatalytischer Methoden für ihre Synthesen unterstützen, vergleichen wir diesem Aufsatz klassische und Verfahren ausgewählte Reaktionsklassen zeigen deren Vorteile Grenzen auf. In vielen Fällen verlaufen die photokatalytischen Reaktionen unter milderen Reaktionsbedingungen, typischerweise Raumtemperatur, stöchiometrische Reagenzien werden durch einfache Oxidanzien Reduktionsmittel Luft, Sauerstoff Amine ersetzt. Beeinflusst organische Synthese? Aussicht, Elektronen Substraten Zwischenprodukten hin‐ herzuschieben Energie selektiv einen sichtbares absorbierenden Photokatalysatoren übertragen, verspricht aktuellen Radikalchemie verbessern neue Wege den Zugang reaktiven, bisher unbekannten Spezies erschließen, insbesondere das Zusammenspiel von Organo‐ Metallkatalyse.

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Transition-Metal-Catalyzed, Coordination-Assisted Functionalization of Nonactivated C(sp³)–H Bonds

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 121(24), С. 14957 - 15074

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2021

Transition-metal-catalyzed, coordination-assisted C(sp3)–H functionalization has revolutionized synthetic planning over the past few decades as use of these directing groups allowed for increased access to many strategic positions in organic molecules. Nonetheless, several challenges remain preeminent, such requirement high temperatures, difficulty removing or converting groups, and, although metals provide some reactivity, employing outside palladium. This review aims give a comprehensive overview coordination-assisted, transition-metal-catalyzed, direct nonactivated bonds by covering literature since 2004 order demonstrate current state-of-the-art methods well limitations. For clarity, this been divided into nine sections transition metal catalyst with subdivisions type bond formation. Synthetic applications and reaction mechanism are discussed where appropriate.

Язык: Английский

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Photocatalytic Late-Stage C–H Functionalization

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 123(8), С. 4237 - 4352

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2023

The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C–H functionalization approaches that make use low energy photons as a controllable source. Compared to traditional strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- chemoselectivities. Merging compelling benefits with workflow offers potentially unmatched arsenal tackle drug development campaigns beyond. This Review highlights photocatalytic strategies small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, natural products, classified according targeted bond newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted identifying, describing, comparing main mechanistic scenarios. draws critical comparison between established ionic chemistry photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. aims establish current state-of-the-art illustrate key unsolved challenges be addressed in future. authors aim introduce general readership functionalization, specialist practitioners evaluation methodologies, potential for improvement, future uncharted directions.

Язык: Английский

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