National Science Review,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
9(2)
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2021
Smog
chamber
experimental
systems,
which
have
been
widely
used
in
laboratory
simulation
for
studying
atmospheric
processes,
are
comprehensively
reviewed
this
paper.
The
components,
development
history,
main
research
topics
and
achievements
of
smog
chambers
introduced.
Typical
the
world,
including
their
volumes,
wall
materials,
light
sources
features,
summarized
compared.
Key
factors
influences
on
environment
discussed,
loss,
emission
background
pollutants.
features
next-generation
application
prospect
future
studies
also
outlined
Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
371(6529), С. 589 - 595
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2021
Faster
than
expected
Iodine
species
are
one
of
only
a
handful
atmospheric
vapors
known
to
make
new
aerosol
particles,
which
play
central
role
in
controlling
the
radiative
forcing
climate.
He
et
al.
report
experimental
evidence
from
CERN
Cosmics
Leaving
Outdoor
Droplets,
or
CLOUD,
chamber
demonstrating
that
iodic
acid
and
iodous
rapidly
form
particles
can
compete
with
sulfuric
pristine
regions.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
589
Faraday Discussions,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
226, С. 334 - 347
Опубликована: Авг. 26, 2020
Atmospheric
gas-to-particle
conversion
is
a
crucial
or
even
dominant
contributor
to
haze
formation
in
Chinese
megacities
terms
of
aerosol
number,
surface
area
and
mass.
Based
on
our
comprehensive
observations
Beijing
during
15
January
2018-31
March
2019,
we
are
able
show
that
80-90%
the
mass
(PM2.5)
was
formed
via
atmospheric
reactions
days
over
65%
number
concentration
particles
resulted
from
new
particle
(NPF).
Furthermore,
faster
when
subsequent
growth
newly
enhanced.
Our
findings
suggest
practice
almost
all
present-day
episodes
originate
NPF,
mainly
since
direct
emission
primary
has
considerably
decreased
recent
years.
We
also
reducing
rate
freshly
by
factor
3-5
would
delay
buildup
1-3
days.
Actually,
this
decrease
length
each
episode,
so
annual
could
be
approximately
halved.
Such
improvement
air
quality
can
achieved
with
targeted
reduction
gas-phase
precursors
for
dimethyl
amine
ammonia,
further
reductions
SO2
emissions.
anthropogenic
organic
inorganic
precursor
emissions
slow
down
newly-formed
consequently
reduce
formation.
Geophysical Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
48(7)
Опубликована: Март 22, 2021
Abstract
Intense
and
frequent
new
particle
formation
(NPF)
events
have
been
observed
in
polluted
urban
environments,
yet
the
dominant
mechanisms
are
still
under
debate.
To
understand
key
species
governing
processes
of
NPF
we
conducted
comprehensive
measurements
downtown
Beijing
during
January–March,
2018.
We
performed
detailed
analyses
on
sulfuric
acid
cluster
composition
budget,
as
well
chemical
physical
properties
oxidized
organic
molecules
(OOMs).
Our
results
demonstrate
that
fast
clustering
(H
2
SO
4
)
base
triggered
events,
OOMs
further
helped
grow
newly
formed
particles
toward
climate‐
health‐relevant
sizes.
This
synergistic
role
H
,
species,
is
likely
representative
environments
where
abundant
usually
co‐exist,
with
moderately
low
volatility
when
produced
high
NO
x
concentrations.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
21(4), С. 2457 - 2468
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2021
Abstract.
New
particle
formation
(NPF)
is
one
of
the
major
sources
atmospheric
ultrafine
particles.
Due
to
high
aerosol
and
trace
gas
concentrations,
mechanism
governing
factors
for
NPF
in
polluted
boundary
layer
may
be
quite
different
from
those
clean
environments,
which
however
less
understood.
Herein,
based
on
long-term
measurements
January
2018
March
2019
Beijing,
nucleation
influences
H2SO4
concentration,
amine
concentration
are
quantified.
The
collision
H2SO4–amine
clusters
found
dominating
initialize
urban
Beijing.
coagulation
scavenging
due
a
factor
as
it
limits
new
rates.
Beijing
sometimes
limited
by
low
concentrations.
Summarizing
synergistic
effects
we
elucidate
various
conditions.
Biogenic
vapors
form
new
particles
in
the
atmosphere,
affecting
global
climate.
The
contributions
of
monoterpenes
and
isoprene
to
particle
formation
(NPF)
have
been
extensively
studied.
However,
sesquiterpenes
received
little
attention
despite
a
potentially
important
role
due
their
high
molecular
weight.
Via
chamber
experiments
performed
under
atmospheric
conditions,
we
report
biogenic
NPF
resulting
from
oxidation
pure
mixtures
β-caryophyllene,
α-pinene,
isoprene,
which
produces
oxygenated
compounds
over
wide
range
volatilities.
We
find
that
class
termed
ultralow-volatility
organic
(ULVOCs)
are
highly
efficient
nucleators
quantitatively
determine
efficiency.
When
compared
with
mixture
monoterpene
alone,
adding
only
2%
sesquiterpene
increases
ULVOC
yield
doubles
rate.
Thus,
emissions
need
be
included
assessments
aerosol
concentrations
pristine
climates
where
is
expected
major
source
cloud
condensation
nuclei.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
55(20), С. 13646 - 13656
Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021
Gas-phase
oxygenated
organic
molecules
(OOMs)
can
contribute
substantially
to
the
growth
of
newly
formed
particles.
However,
characteristics
OOMs
and
their
contributions
particle
rate
are
not
well
understood
in
urban
areas,
which
have
complex
anthropogenic
emissions
atmospheric
conditions.
We
performed
long-term
measurement
gas-phase
Beijing
during
2018–2019
using
nitrate-based
chemical
ionization
mass
spectrometry.
OOM
concentrations
showed
clear
seasonal
variations,
with
highest
summer
lowest
winter.
Correspondingly,
calculated
rates
due
condensation
were
summer,
followed
by
spring,
autumn,
One
prominent
feature
this
environment
was
a
high
fraction
(∼75%)
nitrogen-containing
OOMs.
These
contributed
only
50–60%
total
led
condensation,
owing
slightly
higher
volatility
than
non-nitrate
By
comparing
observed
rates,
we
that
sulfuric
acid
its
clusters
main
contributors
sub-3
nm
particles,
significantly
promoting
3–25
In
wintertime
Beijing,
however,
there
missing
particles
above
3
nm,
remain
be
further
investigated.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
20(20), С. 11747 - 11766
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2020
Abstract.
Sulfuric
acid
has
been
shown
to
be
a
key
driver
for
new
particle
formation
and
subsequent
growth
in
various
environments,
mainly
due
its
low
volatility.
However,
direct
measurements
of
gas-phase
sulfuric
are
oftentimes
not
available,
the
current
proxies
cannot
predict,
example,
nighttime
concentrations
or
result
significant
discrepancies
with
measured
values.
Here,
we
define
sources
sinks
different
environments
derive
physical
proxy
utilized
locations
during
periods
when
it
is
measured.
We
used
H2SO4
from
four
locations:
Hyytiälä,
Finland;
Agia
Marina,
Cyprus;
Budapest,
Hungary;
Beijing,
China,
representing
semi-pristine
boreal
forest,
rural
environment
Mediterranean
area,
urban
heavily
polluted
megacity,
respectively.
The
takes
into
account
SO2
via
OH
oxidation
other
pathways,
specifically
stabilized
Criegee
intermediates.
included
condensation
sink
(CS)
atmospheric
clustering
starting
dimer
formation.
Indeed,
found
that
observed
concentration
can
explained
by
proposed
similar
coefficients
contrasting
where
have
tested
it.
Thus,
more
flexible
an
important
improvement
over
previous
proxies.
Following
recommendations
this
paper,
specific
location
derived.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
55(16), С. 10994 - 11005
Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2021
Molecular
clustering
is
the
initial
step
of
atmospheric
new
particle
formation
(NPF)
that
generates
numerous
secondary
particles.
Using
two
online
mass
spectrometers
with
and
without
a
chemical
ionization
inlet,
we
characterized
neutral
clusters
naturally
charged
ion
during
NPF
periods
in
urban
Beijing.
In
clusters,
observed
pure
sulfuric
acid
(SA)
SA-amine
SA-ammonia
(NH
